the renowned proverb “shāhnāma axarash xoš ast” has implicit question which its answer may change our understanding of the nature and function of shāhnāma. the end of shāhnāma contains numerous tragic events in sassanid age. also it does not seem to be normal if the iranians have deemed the bitter adventure of the shahs and pahlavāns as a happy ending like what firdausi narrates at the end of h...

PURPOSES To investigate, in the oral retelling after reading process, the syntactic markers capable of characterizing different clinical groups of developmental reading disabilities. METHODS Thirty-two Brazilian students were evaluated: dyslexic group (DG) - 16 individuals were diagnosed with developmental dyslexia; control group (CG) - 16 individuals did not present reading difficulties when...

As our forms of media entertainment and information change, there are more and more examples of non-linear forms within our traditionally linear media. We as a culture are increasingly seeing ourselves as a collection of cultures, each with a voice, each with a story, and each deserving of being a part of every story. The storytelling process includes an author, a story and an audience. When st...

BACKGROUND A significant number of children now enter formal education in England with reduced levels of proficiency in oral language. Children who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and who are English language learners (ELL) are at risk of limited oral language skills in English which impacts on later educational achievement. AIMS This paper reports the development of a theoretically motiv...

BACKGROUND Oral language skills in the preschool and early school years are critical to educational success and provide the foundations for the later development of reading comprehension. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, 180 children from 15 UK nursery schools (n = 12 from each setting; M(age) = 4;0) were randomly allocated to receive a 30-week oral language intervention or to a wait...

The foundation of culturally sensitive patient-centered palliative care is formed from one's social, spiritual, psychological, and physical experiences of serious illness. The purpose of this study was to describe categories and patterns of psychological, social, and spiritual healing from the perspectives of aging seriously ill African American (AA) elders. Using narrative analysis methodology...

Narrative methodologies are valuable to language and literacy research. Oral narratives told in situations of face-to-face interaction used research scaffolding pedagogic activities. Nevertheless oral often present limiting cases which narrative accounts less easily distinguishable from other genres such as interrogative, expository, descriptive or argumentative accounts. The resulting confusio...

a historical novel is a form of story-like narrative which is a combination of story and history. accordingly, we cannot easily comment whether, within this framework, it is the history that isbeing focused on by the author—as all the story’s elements are employed in the service of the historian—or history simplyplays an incidental role at the back stage of the story. the best exampleof the mix...

Introduction In contrast to the significant number of studies indicating the impairment of QoL in AR, the degree of impairment in Quality of Life (QoL) in NAR remains underexposed. Again in contrast to AR, almost no evidence-based therapies for NAR patients exist. We assessed QoL in NAR compared to healthy controls and AR patients as positive controls and investigated whether the use of treatme...

This paper explores the patterns of technology use in a global enterprise. We use the concept of narrative networks to understand interactions between technology and organizations and the emergent implications. The paper is based on empirical work undertaken in the context of offshoring electronic medical records and billing systems from a group of US physician practices to service providers in...