The structure of synthetic mRNAs as used in vaccination against cancer and infectious diseases contain specifically designed caps followed by sequences the 5? untranslated repeats ?-globin gene. strategy for successful design chemically modifying their aims to increase resistance enzymatic deccapping complex, offer a higher affinity binding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF4E) pr...

AbstractObjective Neutrophils induce inflammation through the exocytosis of cytotoxic granule proteins. Recently, neutrophils have been reported to be an independent parameter associated with unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, mechanism by which accumulate within CSF SAH remains undetermined. Methods Concentrations C5a, epithelial neutr...

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLVII Tax proteins are potent transactivators of viral and cellular gene expression. Using deletion mutants, the downstream parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) promoter is shown to be responsive to both HTLV-I and HTLV-II Tax as well as the AP1 /c-jun proto-oncogene. Transactivation of PTHrP by Tax was seen in T cells but not in B-cel...

Thermodynamic scaling theory, previously applied mainly to small proteins, here analyzes quantitative evolution of the titled functional network giant hub enzymes. The broad domain structure identified homologically is confirmed hydropathically using amino acid sequences only. The most surprising results concern the evolution of the tyrosine kinase globular surface roughness from avian to mamma...

The RAS family genes encode small GTP-binding cytoplasmic proteins. Activated KRAS engages multiple effector pathways, notably the RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and RalGDS pathways. In the clinical field, K-ras oncogene activation is frequently found in human cancers and thus may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for cancer cells in circulation. Thi...

Cells of all vertebrates thus far investigated contain a cellular src gene, which appears tobe a highly conserved homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene src. Similar to the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene src, this endogenaus cellular src gene codes for a M, 60,000 phosphoprotein (pp6oc-src) which is associated with a kinase activity. This kinase specifically phosphorylates tyrosine residues of...

Several tumour types are sensitive to deactivation of just one or very few genes that are constantly active in the cancer cells, a phenomenon that is termed 'oncogene addiction'. Drugs that target the products of those oncogenes can yield a temporary relief, and even complete remission. Unfortunately, many patients receiving oncogene-targeted therapies relapse on treatment. This often happens d...

Cells of all vertebrates thus far investigated contain a cellular src gene, which appears to be a highly conserved homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene src. Similar to the Rous sarcoma virus oncogene src, this endogenous cellular src gene codes for a Mr 60,000 phosphoprotein (pp60c~src) which is associated with a kinase activity. This kinase specifically phosphorylates tyrosine residues o...