BACKGROUND Chinese medicine Wuzi Yanzong pill (WZYZP) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "She Sheng Zhong Miao Fang" by Shi-Che Zhang in 1550 AD. The traditional herbal formula is widely used in treating nephrasthenia lumbago, prospermia, erectile dysfunction and male sterility. The present study was to explore the effects of WZYZP on ionizing irradiation-induced testicular...

Direct cooling of the testis results in the depletion of most germ cells in vivo. Germ cell-depleted testes are now commonly used to investigate spermatogenic regeneration and can serve as recipients for germ cell transplantation. The present study explored the effects of cooling rat testes on the depletion of endogenous germ cells, spermatogenic regeneration, and Sertoli cell function. Adult r...

background: high content of phospholipids in testes and epididymis is involved in regulation of spermatogenesis. on the other side, it makes testes susceptible to oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation, which alters the normal mechanism of spermatogenesis. objective: in the present investigation, antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of parsley, lettuce and brahmi were tested against d-...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on fetal spinal structure, especiallyin brachial enlargement. sixteen adult female rats were divided into two groups. diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan agent. both groups became pregnant by natural matting. on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after birth, the brachial enlargement of the spinal cord was collected from offsprin...

Paternal half-sib heritability and genetic correlation estimates were obtained utilizing data from 578 Hereford bulls from 66 sires. Bulls were maintained in three lines (weaning weight, postweaning gain and control) of an ongoing selection project. Growth performance traits studied were adjusted 205-d weaning weight, 365-d weight, individual feed efficiency, sonoray fat thickness and postweani...

Prenatal exposure to the herbicide linuron, a weak androgen receptor antagonist, has been shown to perturb androgen-dependent male rat reproductive development as evidenced by slight decreases in anogenital distance (AGD), increased retention of areolae/nipples, and induction of epididymal malformations in combination with testicular atrophy in the adult rat over dose levels ranging from 12.5 t...

Using the antibody for glutathione S-transferase (GST) purified from human kidney, normal testes and experimental cryptorchid testes from newborn to 20-week-old rats were immunohistochemically stained by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The cryptorchidism was surgically created at 1 week of age. The localization of GST was particularly examined by light microscopy, and the amount of ...

Background: High content of phospholipids in testes and epididymis is involved in regulation of spermatogenesis. On the other side, it makes testes susceptible to oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation, which alters the normal mechanism of spermatogenesis. Objective: In the present investigation, antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of parsley, lettuce and brahmi were tested against D-...

This paper shows a new algorithm to calculate the mean and temperature of multi-branch combinatorial games. The algorithm gradually, one node at a time, expands the offspring of a game. After each step of expansion, the lower and upper bounds of the mean and temperature of the game is re-calculated. As the expanding process continues, the range between the lower and upper bounds is narrowed. Th...

Consider a Galton-Watson process with immigration. The limiting distributions of the non-sequential estimators of the offspring mean have been proved to be drastically different for the critical case and subcritical and supercritical cases. A sequential estimator, proposed by Sriram, Basawa and Huggins (1991), was shown to be asymptotically normal for both the subcritical and critical cases. Ba...