Abstract One of the promising methods early warning a tsunami is obtaining data wave heights based on numerical solution inverse problem by using truncated singular value decomposition method as variant least-squares method. The considered within framework linear theory propagation. technique proposed allows one to avoid inevitable instability solution. It possible choose most informative direc...

The main advantage of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the random assignment of treatment that prevents selection by prognosis. Nevertheless, only few RCTs can be performed given their high cost and the difficulties in conducting such studies. Therefore, several analytical methods for removing the effects of selection bias in observational studies have been proposed. The first aim of th...

We show how to construct a logical relation for countable nondeterminism in a guarded type theory, corresponding to the internal logic of the topos Sh (ω1) of sheaves over ω1. In contrast to earlier work on abstract step-indexed models, we not only construct the logical relations in the guarded type theory, but also give an internal proof of the adequacy of the model with respect to standard co...

We propose an extension of the Applied Pi–calculus by introducing nondeterministic and probabilistic choice operators. The semantics of the resulting model, in which probability and nondeterminism are combined, is given by Segala’s Probabilistic Automata driven by schedulers which resolve the nondeterministic choice among the probability distributions over target states. Notions of static and o...

Learning from examples is a very effective means of initial cognitive skill acquisition. There is an enormous body of research on the specifics of this learning method. This article presents an instructionally oriented theory of example-based learning that integrates theoretical assumptions and findings from three research areas: learning from worked examples, observational learning, and analog...

Higher-order process calculi have been receiving much attention in recent years for its significance in both theorey and practice. Work on bisimulations has never ceased evolving, typically represented by Thomsen and Sangiorgi for their work on bisimulation theory and encoding to and from first-order process calculi. Fu puts forth linear higher-order π-calculus, and makes improvement to previou...

In the area of workflow management, one is confronted with a large number of competing languages and the relations between them (e.g. relative expressiveness) are usually not clear. Moreover, even within the same language it is generally possible to express the same workflow in different ways, a feature known as variability. This paper aims at providing some of the formal groundwork for studyin...

We develop a behavioral theory for the untyped call-by-value λ-calculus extended with the delimited-control operators shift and reset. For this calculus, we discuss the possible observable behaviors and we define an applicative bisimilarity that characterizes contextual equivalence. We then compare the applicative bisimilarity and the CPS equivalence, a relation on terms often used in studies o...