In Italy, Law 413/1993 states that public and private Italian Institutions, including academic faculties, are obliged to fully inform workers and students about their right to conscientious objection to scientific or educational activities involving animals, hereafter written as "animal CO". However, little monitoring on the faculties' compliance with this law has been performed either by the g...

Colombia’s Constitutional Court, at guaranteeing the fundamental right to live and die with dignity, in the liberating expression of human rights, did not forget the mythical image of Charon ferrying the dead in his boat to Hades2. In Colombia, the struggle against death, stubborn and limitless, contrary to the expression of the patients’ will, cannot anymore be accepted as a duty or as a right...

The current cosmic acceleration does not imply that our Universe is basically de Sitterlike: in the first part of this work we argue that, by introducing matter into anti-de Sitter spacetime in a natural way, one may be able to account for the acceleration just as well. However, this leads to a Big Crunch, and the Euclidean versions of Bang/Crunch cosmologies have [apparently] disconnected conf...

The most famous objection to the ontological argument is given in Kant’s dictum that existence is not a real predicate. But it is not obvious how this slogan is supposed to relate to the ontological argument. Some, most notably Alvin Plantinga, have even judged Kant’s dictum to be totally irrelevant to Anselm’s version of the ontological argument. In this paper I argue, against Plantinga and ot...

The Epistemic Objection says that certain theories of time (like the “growing block” and “moving spotlight”) imply that it is impossible to know which time is absolutely present. Standard presentations of the Epistemic Objection are elliptical—and some of the most natural premises one might fill in to complete the argument end up leading to radical skepticism. But there is a way of filling in t...

Permissivism says that for some propositions and bodies of evidence, there is more than one rationally permissible doxastic attitude that can be taken towards that proposition given the evidence. Some critics of this view argue that it condones, as rationally acceptable, sets of attitudes that manifest an untenable kind of arbitrariness. I begin by providing a new and more detailed explication ...

Molinism, which says that God has middle knowledge, offers one of the most impressive and popular ways combining libertarian creaturely freedom with full providential control by God. The aim this paper is to explain, motivate, defend a heretofore overlooked version Molinism I call ‘Modest Molinism’. In Section 1, explain Modest make an initial case for it. Then, in Sections 2 3, against Dean Zi...