BACKGROUND Many researchers have attempted to acquire respiratory rate (RR) information from a photoplethysmogram (PPG) because respiration affects the waveform of the PPG. However, most of these methods were difficult to operate in real-time because of their complexity or computational requirements. From these needs, we attempted to develop a method to estimate RR from a PPG with a light compu...

For Notch Filters, Rugate designs with a small index contrast and apodisation are well known in the literature. The required deposition of gradient index layers or so called flip flop structures is very complicated and difficult to manufacture. Higher order H/L stacks of coating materials with high index contrast result in very thick layer stacks. In our approach we replace the second refractiv...

In a field of biomedical engineering, not only low-pass filters for high frequency elimination but also notch suppressing powerline interference are necessary to process low-frequency biosignals. For integration filters, chip implementation large capacitances is major difficulty. As methods enhance with small area, use capacitance multipliers effective. This letter describes design consideratio...

Adaptive notch filters (ANF) are widely used in many signal processing applications to extract, eliminate or trace narrow-band or sinusoidal signals embedded in broadband noise [1]. If such signal consists of in-phase and quadrature components, a complex coefficient ANF must be implemented. Most of such applications are in radar and communication systems. To yield sharp-cutoff bandpass characte...

A fiber-distributed Ultra-wideband (UWB) noise radar was achieved, which consists of a chaotic UWB noise source based on optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), a fiber-distributed transmission link, a colorless base station (BS), and a cross-correlation processing module. Due to a polarization modulation based microwave photonic filter and an electrical UWB pass-band filter embedded in the feedback l...

--Electrocardiogram has considerable diagnostic significance, and application of ECG monitoring are diverse and in wide use. For diagnosticquality ECG recordings, signal acquisition must be noise free. The signal acquisition is susceptible to the interference from other biological and environmental sources. This article presents the application of the digital IIR filter on the raw ECG signal. T...

This paper presents an electronically tunable current/trans-impedance-mode biquad universal filter employing only single multi-output current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter realizes all the standard filter functions i.e. low pass (LP), band pass (BP) and high pass (HP), notch and all pass (AP) filters in the c...

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with high selectivity and deep notched band attenuation is presented in this letter. The main structure of this filter is a balun-based coplanar waveguide (CPW)-microstrip CPW transition. This structure has UWB bandpass characteristic (2.85– 11GHz) and a transmission zero at its lower transition band. To achieve a transmission zero at its upper tra...

We propose two single-wavelength notch filters and one dual-wavelength (480 620 nm) filter to enhance image contrast. The stack structure of the was designed as (Ta2O5/SiO2)4Ta2O5 in Essential Macleod thin film simulation software. Dual-electron-beam evaporation with ion beam-assisted deposition used prepare optical interference different center wavelengths. A multilayer a wavelength nm deposit...

An integrated optical millimetre-wave signal generator based on a coupled microring resonator, which doubles the frequency of the electrical signal driving a phase modulator, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for future radio-over-fibre systems. The coupled microring notch filter was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. A high extinction ratio optical millimetre-wave signal was...