The persistence of neurogenesis in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult mammals suggests that the mature brain maintains the potential for neuronal replacement after injury. We examined whether focal ischemic injury in adult rat would increase SVZ neurogenesis and direct migration and neuronal differentiation of endogenous precursors in damaged regions. Focal stroke was induced in a...

Multielectrodes have been used with great success to simultaneously record the activity of neuronal populations in awake, behaving animals. In particular, there is great promise in the use of this technique to allow the control of neuroprosthetic devices by human patients. However, it is crucial to fully characterize the tissue response to the chronic implants in animal models ahead of the init...

It was previously reported that the ciliary epithelium (CE) of the mammalian eye contains a rare population of cells that could produce clonogenic self-renewing pigmented spheres in culture. Based on their ability to up-regulate genes found in retinal neurons, it was concluded that these sphere-forming cells were retinal stem cells. This conclusion raised the possibility that CE-derived retinal...

Nurr1 is a transcription factor critical for the development of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This study modified mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to constitutively express Nurr1 under the elongation factor-1alpha promoter. The Nurr1-expression in ES cells lead to up-regulation of all DA neuronal markers tested, resulting in about a 4- to 5-fold increase in the proportion of DA neurons. In...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into both neurons and glia, and strategies using human NSCs have the potential to restore function following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the time period of maturation for human NSCs in adult injured CNS is not well defined, posing fundamental questions about the design and implementation of NSC-based therapies. This work assessed human H9 NSCs that ...

introduction: to study the effect of gallic acid (ga) on hippocampal long-term potentiation (ltp) and histological changes in animal model of alzheimer disease (ad) induced by betaamyloid (aβ). methods: sixty-four adult male wistar rats (300±20 g) were divided into 8 groups: 1) control (cont); 2) ad; 3) sham; 4-7) ad+ga (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 10 days, orally) or vehicle, 8) cont+ga100, aβ ...

introduction: the native inability of nervous system to regenerate, encourage researchers to consider neural tissue engineering as a potential treatment for spinal cord injuries. considering the suitable characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) for tissue regeneration applications, in this study we investigated the adhesion, viability and proliferation of neural progenitors (de...

background and objectives: oxidative stress is implicated in the neuronal damage associated with alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease, huntington’s disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemic stroke. the present work was designed to establish the neuroprotective effects of salvia aristata extract on h2o2-induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic sh-sy5y cells. methods: the tot...

BACKGROUND Niemann Pick C (NPC) disease is a neurovisceral lysosomal storage disorder due to mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 genes, characterized by the accumulation of endocytosed unesterified cholesterol, gangliosides and other lipids within the lysosomes/late endosomes. Even if the neurodegeneration is the main feature of the disease, the analysis of the molecular pathways linking the lipid accumu...

a new meta-heuristic method, based on neuronal communication (nc), is introduced in this article. the neuronal communication illustrates how data is exchanged between neurons in neural system. actually, this pattern works efficiently in the nature. the present paper shows it is the same to find the global minimum. in addition, since few numbers of neurons participate in each step of the method,...