Using a difference-in-differences framework, we estimate the impact of Ramadan on educational outcomes of Muslim students living in a non-Muslim country. For identification we exploit the fact that the number of Ramadan weeks during the course that we study, varies from year to year, ranging from zero to four. Our main finding is that Ramadan observance has a negative impact on performance; one...

There is widespread evidence that immigrants from Muslim-majority countries are discriminated against in Western Europe, relative to immigrants from European Christian-majority countries. Yet, it is not clear whether this discrimination is based on religion (Muslim), region of origin (since the bulk of Muslim-majority countries are located in regions outside Europe), or both. Relying on Europea...

This article explains how the Indonesian Government’s policies on handling Covid-19 pandemic. Based Presidential Regulation of Republic Indonesia Number 82 Year 2020 concerning Committee Handling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and National Economic Recovery, Indonesia’s policy integrated health economic strategies. The regulation adopted an interdisciplinary strategy moving towards multid...

Since entering the era of decline, Muslims no longer produce outstanding achievements in field science. Western scholars then developed science with materials from work Muslim scholars. Of course, there are weaknesses inherent civilization. However, they creatively new things to be studied. In 19th century, scientific optimism was partly due emergence theory Darwin (Charles Darwin), Herbert Spe...

In this article the author explains the social role of Muslim woman in a postmodern society through a public symbol of her identity--the veil. The article's thesis is that the Muslim women's manifestation of their Islamic denomination through veiling and wearing appropriate clothes (in the case of men through growing beards and wearing clothes considered appropriate for them) signifies an expre...

Considerable attention has been given to young British Asian Muslim identity in recent years. Whilst much of the literature has addressed the diasporic and transnational nature of British Muslim identity there has been a growing recognition of the need to address the national context in which this identity is formed. However, there is still a comparative lacuna of information about how religion...

We document a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in the 8th century, Christian kings became increasingly long lived compared to Muslim sultans. We argue that forms of executive constraint that emerged under feudal institutions in Western Europe were ass...

This paper studies early childhood health in India, Bangladesh and Nepal, focusing on inequalities in anthropometric outcomes by religious adherence. India and Nepal have Hindu majorities, while Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim. Results confirm a relative Muslim advantage for children less than 12 months of age in height-for-age and weight-for-age z scores primarily in India, possibly reflect...

Female Muslim immigrant youths are at a developmental stage of transition to adulthood and face many challenges in their identity transformation due to racism, migration status and gender role. They are members of a cultural group whose experiences of mental health are established through multiple contexts. Informed by different theoretical perspectives, the methodology of ethnography is introd...

Individual differences in reflectiveness have been found to predict belief in God. We hypothesize that this association may be due to a broader inclination for intuitive thinkers to endorse teleological explanations. In support of our hypothesis, we find that scientifically unfounded teleological explanations are more likely to be endorsed by intuitive compared to analytical thinkers, and that ...