This randomised, double-blind study compared dexmedetomidine and midazolam for intravenous sedation during third molar surgery under local anaesthesia. Sixty patients received either dexmedetomidine (up to 1 microg x kg(-1)) or midazolam (up to 5 mg), which was infused until the Ramsay Sedation Score was four or the maximum dose limit was reached. Intra-operative vital signs, postoperative pain...

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single 5-mg doses of midazolam after administration of a novel intranasal (IN) formula, IM, and IV midazolam in an open-label, randomized, 3-way cross-over study in 12 healthy volunteers. IN doses were delivered as 0.1-mL unit-dose sprays of a novel formulation into both naris. Blood samples were taken serially from 0 to 12 h after each ...

The present assay was developed for quantifying midazolam in plasma of patients hospitalized in intensive-care units or undergoing anesthesia and receiving many other drugs as well. Plasma samples are alkalinized with NaOH and midazolam is extracted into n-hexane. The organic phase is evaporated and reconstituted in n-butyl acetate, and the midazolam is quantified by gas-liquid chromatography w...

BACKGROUND There are a number of adjuvants to be used for local anesthetics in spinal block. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possible effect of intrathecal midazolam compared with bupivacaine as adjuvants in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in chronic opium abuses. METHODS In a double blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 opium abuser patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic su...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment with midazolam or with nitrous oxide is more efficient in facilitating intravenous (IV) access in lean and obese children and adolescents. DESIGN A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of 90 children and adolescents. SETTING Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Patients A total of 60 obese ch...

The cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes represent one of the most important drug-metabolizing systems in humans. Recently, our group has generated cytochrome P450 3A knockout mice to study this drug-handling system in vivo. In the present study, we have characterized the Cyp3a knockout mice by studying the metabolism of midazolam, one of the most widely used probes to assess CYP3A activity. We e...

      Long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence and tolerance. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dex...

the aim of this study was to determine the effect of thiopental sodium with that of midazolam-ketamine on relieving agitation after tonsillectomy in children. in a clinical trial, 50 children aged 5-10 years, candidates for tonsillectomy, were randomly divided into two 25-member groups. in the first group, thiopental sodium 5mg/kg/iv, and in the second group combination of midazolam 0.01 mg/kg/...

Ninety day-case or short stay patients were allocated to three groups in a double-blind study. The groups received oral midazolam 15 mg, oral temazepam 20 mg or placebo approximately 1 h before surgery. Midazolam was superior to temazepam regarding anxiolysis, sedation and amnesia, but temazepam was superior to placebo. However, delay in immediate and late recovery occurred significantly more o...