Abstract B cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) is a receptor that engages the cytokines BAFF and APRIL. BCMA known to play critical role in regulating proliferation, survival, differentiation into plasma cells. However, effect of on non-B cells has been understudied. We have previously shown regulates EAE, where −/−mice exacerbated disease compared +/+mice. The increased was associated with infiltra...

Evidence suggests that nicotine and alcohol can each serve as a gateway drug. We determined whether prior treatment would alter amphetamine reward. Also, we examined age dopaminergic neurotransmission are important in this regard. Male female adolescent adult C57BL/6J mice were tested for baseline place preference. Mice then received six conditioning with saline/nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) twice dail...

the efficacy of clindamycin and monensin were evaluated in the prevention of oocyst shedding of kittens with toxoplasma gondii (tehran strain). in this study, 28 healthy kittens aged 1.5 – 2 months old divided randomly into 4 groups of seven. in group 1, kittens were fed with the infected brain tissues of mice, all of seven kittens (100 %), shed oocyst, nearly 1 week after infection, which last...

Abstract Alphaviruses are a group of arthropod-borne viruses that have the capacity to cause encephalomyelitis, which is inflammation brain and spinal cord due immune response viral infection, can result in fever, headache, neurologic disease such as cognitive impairment, seizures, ataxia, paralysis. Neurons primary target cells Sindbis virus (SINV), prototypic alphavirus; however, indispensabl...

Objective(s) The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. In this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. Materials and Methods During gestation per...

This article was aimed to analyze the essential oils from Cinnamomum camphora leaves of four areas by GC-MS and to study their analgesic properties. Analgesia test was performed employing mouse acetic acid writhing method, hot plate method and reserpine induced migraine model, and plasma and brain tissue NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents were determined. The major compounds from essential...

objective: astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. they may promote or inhibit cns inflammation depending on which cytokines are secreted. astrocytes also have immune roles. il-19, il-20, and il-24 activate a heterodimer receptor composed of the il-20r1 α-chain and the il-20r2 β-chain. it has long been considered that signaling by these receptor complexes affects immunological reactio...

Background: Brain is the most important organ as it controls and co- ordinates all the activities of our body. Reports on neuroethological investigations in mice particularly associated with learning and memory after radiation exposure are very scanty. Hence, present investigation is an attempt to examine the effects of low dose tritiated water (HTO) acute exposure on adult Swiss albino mice in...

Abstract INTRODUCTION T cell dysfunction contributes to immune escape in patients with cancer and is particularly severe CNS tumors. sequestration a contributing mechanism of lymphopenia lymphoid organ contraction occurring treatment naive mice Glioblastoma. Our group demonstrated that this phenomenon mediated by loss S1P1 surface expression on T-Cells within the bone marrow. We murine models r...