Carey’s (1985) book on conceptual change and the accompanying argument that children’s biology initially is organized in terms of naïve psychology has sparked a great detail of research and debate. This body of research on children’s biology has, however, been almost exclusively been based on urban, majority culture children in the US or in other industrialized nations. The thesis of this paper...

Supervised classification problems have received considerable attention from the machine learning community. We propose a novel genetic algorithm based prototype learning system , PLEASE, for this class of problems. Given a set of prototypes for each of the possible classes, the class of an input instance is determined by the prototype nearest to this instance. We assume ordinal attributes and ...

Many concepts have stereotypes. This leaves open the question of whether concepts are stereotypes. It has been argued elsewhere that theories that identify concepts with their stereotypes or with stereotypical properties of their instances (e.g., Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Ed.), Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associa...

Social categorization provides a valuable mechanism for explaining and predicting human behavior, yet also contributes to the development of social stereotyping and prejudice. Thus, understanding how social categorization develops is critical for both cognitive and social development. This article presents a theoretical perspective on the development of social categorization— that children map ...

Several kinds of studies on color image analysis have been cam'ed out, such as aufornatic k e y words extraction from color images and aulomntic classification of colos image sequence. But, the recognition level of cofor images is not enough high to recognize all things from color images alone. OR the other hand, the recognition of drama scene is necessary Jotef ic ienf handling of color moving...

variety of cognitive acts, ranging from problem solving to categorization to memory retrieval. If William James (1890/1950) was correct in stating that “this sense of Sameness is the very keel and backbone of our thinking” (p. 459), we might expect similarity judgments to be stable, reliable, and less flexible than the cognitive acts that depend on them. There is considerable research, however,...

In most research on concept formation within machine learning and cognitive psychology, the features from which concepts are built are assumed to be provided as elementary vocabulary. In this paper, we argue that this is an unnecessarily limited paradigm within which to examine concept formation. Based on evidence from psychology and machine learning, we contend that a principled account of the...

rules ore not involved in human reasoning, or at best ploy a minor role. Other views hold that the use of abstract rules is o core aspect of human reasoning. We propose eight criteria for determining whether or not people use abstract rules in reasoning, ond examine evidence relevant to each criterion for several rule systems. We argue thot there is substantial evidence that several different i...

BACKGROUND Open reduction and internal fixation with a plate is deemed to represent the gold standard of surgical treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Standard plate fixation is usually placed through an extended lateral approach with high risk for wound complications. Minimally invasive techniques might avoid wound complications but provide limited construct stability. ...

Prototypical Modesty 2 Abstract Good theoretical definitions of psychological phenomena are not only rigorously formulated but also provide ample conceptual coverage. To assess the latter, we empirically surveyed everyday conceptions of modesty in a combined US/UK sample. In Study 1, participants freely generated multiple exemplars of modesty that judges subsequently sorted into superordinate c...