Objective Self-awareness Theory (Duval & Wicklund, 1972) proposes that self-evaluation increases an individual’s awareness of any discrepancy between their current performance and an internal goal. In the current study we prompted self-evaluation throughout an intelligence test (Analysis-Synthesis Test – AST) using confidence ratings (CR). AST performance, the extent to which participants incid...

Over the past 25 years, achievement goal theory has emerged as one of the most prominent theories of achievement motivation. This chapter uses an achievement goal framework to examine the influence of classroom and school environments on students' academic motivation and achievement. Considerable evidence suggests that elementary and secondary students show the most positive motivation and lear...

The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A crosssectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, selfesteem and subjective well-being wer...

In this study, we test one aspect of Rodin's hypothesis concerning age-related decline in mastery: The effect of frequent contact with the health care sector on mastery. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal multiple regression analyses to examine the effect of general physician (GP) visits on mastery. In the cross-sectional analyses, a higher number of GP visits is associated with lowe...

Purpose: Although higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of sense of mastery tend to be comorbid, limited information exists on racial differences in the longitudinal associations between the two over time. The current study compared Black and White American older adults for the longitudinal links between depressive symptoms and mastery in the United States. Methods: Using data f...

Part of the motivation behind the evolution of learning environments is the idea of providing students with individualized instructional strategies that allow them to learn as much as possible. It has been suggested that the goals an individual holds create a framework or orientation from which they react and respond to events. There is a large evidence-based literature which supports the notio...

Objectives: Research has suggested that higher mastery is associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This pilot study investigated how a range of psychosocial factors, including mastery, relate to CVD risk factors among Aboriginal people living in rural south-eastern Australia. Methods: Psychosocial and behavioural measures were obtained via questionnaire as part of developing a c...

The relationships between coping, affect and aging were examined using mastery and self-esteem as mediators of the aging–coping–affect associations. The sample included 168 young and old community residents who completed the dispositional coping strategies questionnaire [COPE scale; Carver, C.S., Scheier, M., & Weintraub, J.K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach....