South Africa's manufacturing sector experiences declining growth and labour demand, increased imports of intermediate goods. The paper investigates the influence offshoring on employment wages for capital- labour-intensive industries skilled unskilled workers, using firm- employer–employee-level data. Unlike findings in developed countries, generally lowers firms increases decreases percentage ...

This paper applies dynamic specification approach and error correction model form to construct a quarterly foreign trade model of China at the aggregate level for the period of 1992-2004. The empirical results indicate China’s imports and exports depend on each other both in the long run and short run, which reflects the special and importance role of processing trade in China. Imports respond ...

Environmental and labour standards have become an important international trade issue. This article examines and ranks alternative trade policy responses available to an importing country with concerns over such standards. While a full import embargo may sometimes be preferable to allowing unrestricted access to unlabeled non-conforming imports, a partial embargo that allows imports which demon...

The methods for estimating the annual global value of imports of parts and accessories are presented in Chapter 8 of the Small Arms Survey 2012, ‘Piece by Piece: Authorized Transfers of Parts and Accessories’ (Grzybowski, Marsh, and Schroeder, 2012, pp. 247–50). This annexe contains additional details on some of the data and estimation techniques used in the chapter, including for the estimate ...

This study adopts a GNP function approach in order to examine the impact of migrant labour on domestic factors of production in the United Kingdom. We also examine the relationship between imports and migrants, which are two different facets of globalisation. We find that an increase in the number of unskilled migrants reduces the wages of unskilled domestic workers. However the quantitative im...

Empirical studies of international trade have concentrated on singleequation models to analyse the demand relationship for imports and exports [Houthakker and Magee (1969). Naqvi et al (1983), Bnhmani-Oskooee (1984,1986)]. These studies have assumed that the imports and exports price elasticities facing any individual country are infinite or at least large. The assumption of infinite supply pri...

This paper studies the effects of tariffs on intra-firm trade. Building on the Antràs and Helpman (2004) North-South theoretical framework, the author shows that higher Northern tariffs reduce the incentives for outsourcing and offshoring, while higher Southern tariffs have the opposite effects. The author also shows that increased offshoring and outsourcing imply a descrease in the ratio of No...

Imports of milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are increasingly entering the United States with minimal trade restrictions. MPC is a general reference to a dried protein product derived from milk using a technology known as “ultra filtration.” Two questions are addressed in this article. First, did the combination of relaxed import restrictions, low world prices for protein, and relatively high do...