Rod signals traverse several synapses en route to cone bipolar cells. In one pathway, rods communicate directly with cones via gap junctions. In a second pathway, signals flow rods-rod bipolars-AII amacrines-cone bipolars. The relative contribution of each pathway to retinal function is not well understood. Here we have examined this question from the perspective of the AII amacrine. AIIs form ...

high purity fluorapatite (fa) with rod-like and spherical-like morphology was synthesized via sol-gel method. chemical characterization of fa powders was done by xrd and ftir analyses. crystallite samples were calculated using scherer method. morphology of fa powders was investigated with tem and sem images. the results revealed that increasing the time of hydrolysis of phosphate sols significa...

Corrective surgery for scoliosis with anterior instrumentation can be accomplished with different constructs: single rod, single rod with interbody cages and dual rods. These varying constructs are most often used in the lumbar spine to generate a fusion mass while retaining the natural lordosis of the lumbar region (Sweet, 1999). In a pediatric population or in smaller adults, two screws canno...

B-wave increment threshold experiments in the rat show that "rod saturation" occurs at different background levels with different anesthetics. Rod saturation builds up over the first 60 sec of light adaptation in pentobarbital anesthetized but not in urethane anesthetized animals. These and other findings suggest that "rod saturation" can occur when the rod photoreceptors themselves are not sat...

abstract wenner direct contact method is a method of estimating apparent electrical conductivity (eca) of agricultural soils in situ. this method can be affected by factors such as quality of electrodes in contact with soil, type of employed electric current, moisture content, clay content and compaction of soil. in this research, the effect of electrode type (rod and plate) and electric curren...

purpose : to compare the cosmetic and functional results of frontalis sling procedure using silicone rod with polytetrafluoroethylene (ptose-up) in congenital ptosis with poor levator function (lf) methods : in a prospective randomized study, 90 eyes of 66 patients with congenital ptosis that underwent frontalis suspension surgery [31 patients (18 unilateral, 13 bilateral cases) using a silicon...

Physical properties of actomyosin from either fresh or stored platelets have been compared. Actomyosin obtained from platelets after 3 days of storage contained myosin that was 60-80% degraded to myosin rod. No myosin rod was detected in fresh platelets. The platelet myosin rod is similar to the rod produced by limited proteolysis of skeletal muscle myosin.

Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy. Vitamin A deficiency resulted from malabsorption due to a jeujunoileal bypass operation. Before therapy the patient had severely reduced cone and rod function. After the reversal operation, accompanied by 5 injections of a total of 500,000 units of vitamin A, complete...

Dark-adapted static perimetric fields and rod full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were measured in normal subjects and 15 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Psychophysical thresholds for short-wavelength stimuli were obtained from 76 locations across the retina on a modified Octopus 201 perimeter; threshold differences to short- and long-wavelength stimuli were used to determine whether rods ...

PURPOSE Misfolding mutations in rod opsin are a major cause of the inherited blindness retinitis pigmentosa. Therefore, understanding the role of molecular chaperones in facilitating rod opsin biogenesis and the response to mutant rod opsin is important for retinal disease and fundamental retinal cell biology. A recent report has shown that Drosophila rhodopsin Rh1 requires calnexin (Cnx) for i...