We propose a simple yet eeective extension of ray-tracing algorithm that allows selective visibility of objects for speciic rays. Typically, rays are clas-siied as pixel, shadow, reeected and transmitted. We suggest adding a visibility mask to material descriptions , which controls how these rays interact with the material. This addition can be incorporated seamlessly into any ray-tracer and ma...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the visibility of cesarean section (CS) scars by transvaginal sonography (TVS) in pregnant women, to apply a standardized approach for measuring CS scars and to test its reproducibility throughout the course of pregnancy. METHODS In this observational cohort study, 320 consecutive pregnant women with a previous cesarean delivery were examined to assess scar visibility b...

Recent work in landscape archaeology has emphasized the importance of considering experience moving through landscapes and examining place burials within wider contexts. This recognizes that burial placement was often intended to create curate experiences meaning. While near roads waterways have been discussed at length, tunnels, which are an important feature road network Roman central Italy, ...

BACKGROUND Species movement responses to landscape structures have been studied using a variety of methods, but movement research is still in need of simple methods that help predicting and comparing movements across structurally different landscapes. We demonstrate how habitat-specific movement models can be used to disentangle causes of differentiated movement patterns in structurally differe...

In this paper, we use a graphically explaination on how epipolar geometry can be used to solve the visibility. This is paper is prepared mainly for teaching purpose.

This article is devoted to the study of distribution ground ice volumes in upper layers 5–10 m permafrost landscapes Arctic Yakutia. Compilation such a map will serve as basis for assessing vulnerability global warming, anthropogenic impact and forecasting evolution landscapes. The was compiled using ArcGIS software, which supports attribute table mapping. Yakutian shows that about 19% area occ...

Air pollution is one of the most important problems in the world’s major cities in the last century because it endangers human health and the environment. One of the indicators of air pollution is nitrogen dioxide, which is continuously measured by satellite from space and via ground-based instruments. In this paper, the data for nitrogen dioxide was measured by OMI over Tehran. Wind, surface t...

In this paper, we survey kinetic visibility problems. Unlike the research in traditional visibility problems, the researchers have also taken moving objects into consideration. These problems have been addressed from different practical aspects, such as computational graphics and robotic design. Over the years, some general combinatorial results of the visibility graph have been shown. Leveragi...