Abstract This article critically examines the proposed waiver of intellectual property (IP) rights for COVID-19 vaccines under World Trade Organization Agreement's Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which was initiated in October 2020 when pandemic raged and were unavailable. However, landscape has now changed may no longer be necessary. The Outcome Document, introduced...

THE EMERGENCE OF a globalized, horizontal semiconductor business model raises concerns involving the security and trust of the information systems on which modern society is increasingly reliant for mission-critical functionality. Hardware security and trust issues span a broad spectrum of topics ranging from the malicious insertion of Trojan circuits designed to act as a silicon time bomb to d...

Among the characteristics of future wireless networks is the desire to support a wide range of wireless users and a diverse set of services from many different types of networks. One of the most often referenced networking protocols for diverse wireless and mobile networking is Mobile IP. Although recent focus has been on developing a micro-mobility architecture for Mobile IP, an emerging need ...

The energy crisis and environmental protection are gaining increasing concern in recent years. ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has a significant impact on the total electricity consumption all over theworld. Telecomnetworks, being an important part of ICT, consume significant energy since more network equipment is deployed annually. Specifically, in IP-over-WDM networks, energy i...

Article history: Received 17 May 2013 Received in revised form 27 May 2013 Accepted 30 May 2013 Available online 10 June 2013 This paper provides comprehensive, detailed documentation of major corporate governance reforms (CGRs) undertaken by 26 advanced and emerging economies. We investigate whether these reforms have altered investor protection (IP) and impacted corporate investments. Specifi...

Patent applications that incorporate the genomic sequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, have been filed by a number of organizations. This is likely to result in a fragmentation of intellectual property (IP) rights which in turn may adversely affect the development of products, such as vaccines, to combat SARS. Placing these patent rights into a patent pool to be ...

Data storage that is not centralized and less dynamic in being accessed by village officials, this a problem when during the COVID-19 pandemic, work done online. The research utilizes existing technologies such as Cloud, so there no need to provide local server access it using public IP. cloud used for will be installed with Linux Ubuntu 20 it, then OwnCloud feature configured important files o...