We present LogAG, an algebraic language for reasoning about graded propositions. LogAG is algebraic in that it is a language of only terms, some of which denote propositions. Both propositions and their grades are taken as individuals in the LogAG ontology. Thus, the language includes terms denoting graded propositions, grades of propositions, grading propositions, and graded grading propositio...

Abstract If a colleague of mine, whose opinion I respect, disagrees with me about some claim, this might give pause regarding my position on the matter. The Equal Weight view proposes that in such cases peer disagreement ought to colleague’s as much weight own, and decrease certainty disputed claim. One prominent criticism is treating higher-order (indirect) evidence way invariably swamps first...

Evidence occupies a paramount position in any logical endeavor and research article is consensually considered a predominant site of such an endeavor. One interesting area of rhetoric which addresses the source and reliability of evidence is quality metadiscourse. In this qualitative study, quality metadiscourse strategies (i.e., evidentials, hedges, boosters and disclaimers) are examined to in...

the work of architecture is believed to depend on the governing thought in the process of architectural designing. this thought can be analyzed, developed, experienced, and interpreted. creativity is the only domineering force in the idea of designing which is in quest for freeing architecture from the routine methods, and also finding the novel systems to answer the questions in architecture. ...