one of the mostly used enhanced oil recovery methods is the injection of water or gas under pressure to maintain or reverse the declining pressure in a reservoir. several parameters should be optimized in a fluid injection process. the usual optimizing methods evaluate several scenarios to find the best solution. since it is required to run the reservoir simulator hundreds of times, the process...

this paper presents a fault location technique for transmission lines with minimum current measurement. this algorithm investigates proper current ratios for fault location problem based on thevenin theory in faulty power networks and calculation of short circuit currents in each branch. these current ratios are extracted regarding lowest sensitivity on thevenin impedance variations of the netw...

introduction: although composite resins have improved greatly since their introduction, microleakage is one of the most frequently encountered problems. this study compared the effects of different monomer systems and layering techniques on the bacterial leakage of cl i composite resin restorations. methods: eighty-two sound human third molars were used. the teeth were randomly divided into six...

In this paper we describe Frontier, an FPGA placement system that uses design macro-blocks in conjuction with a series of placement algorithms to achieve highly-routable and high-performance layouts quickly. In the first stage of design placement, a macro-based floorplanner is used to quickly identify an initial layout based on inter-macro connectivity. Next, an FPGA routability metric, previou...

The study of circuit placement in VLSI physical design has been conducted for several decades. As circuit complexity increases, it is non-trivial to place all cells of the circuit within a reasonable time. Many researchers have presented new placement algorithms and tools to address placement issues such as minimization of wire length, routability, and run-time. Our approach is different in tha...

Abstract Automated guidance systems have advanced precise interrow hoeing in narrowly spaced cereals. Compared with other direct mechanical strategies, provides superior weed control and improved yields. However, weeds the uncultivated intrarow zone may survive compete intensely crop, causing yield loss. Therefore, management strategies hoed cereals must be investigated. In spring barley ( Hord...

In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical timing-driven standard-cell placement method, in which a new cluster placement model is introduced. The proposed method is divided into three phases, clustering cells, global placement and detailed placement. After clustering cells, in the global placement phase, we determine and improve cluster placement by a simulated annealing based method. In mos...