Littering has been defined as the careless and improper disposal of small amounts waste that results in unwanted unnatural elements remaining environment. People tend to blame external factors for their own littering. A person seldom refers themselves being litterer but will rather place on insufficient infrastructure, such lack bins, or other persons. When referring people, they identify probl...

Travel expenses are a significant factor in transportation planning. In addition to the other aspect, travel time, community considers expense as necessary element deciding which mode communities should take. However, there is gap between actual transport and commuter's perception. Thus, comprehensive knowledge urgently needed particularly be seen major variable planning that sided with underpr...

Community forestry offers potential for socioeconomic benefits while maintaining ecosystem services. In Mexico, government and donor efforts to develop this sector focus on issues within forest communities. Often overlooked are effects of external non-government actors (NGOs and foresters) as links or barriers between communities and funding, capacity building, and technical support. To analyze...

Social mixing is one of the key objectives housing policy in OECD countries. The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, largest affordable construction program US since 1986, has recently set creating mixed-income communities as standards. As a project-based LIHTC developments are likely to influence residential mobility; however, little known about its empirical effects. This study inv...

Despite a tremendous increase in financial resources, many countries are not on track to achieve the child and maternal mortality targets set out in the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. It is commonly argued that two main social factors - improved democratic governance and aggregate income - will ultimately lead to progress in reducing child and maternal mortality. However, these two facto...

Surgical procedures are both costly and common. There are large differences in surgical outcomes both within and between hospitals based on patient characteristics such as measures of income. In both 2000 and 2009, patients residing in low-income communities had worse morbidity and mortality rates, across a wide range of quality indicators. In this review, the author will explicate the Theory o...

When communities engage in risk-sharing with asymmetric information, wherein a member of a risk-sharing group is unable to verify the income and shocks experienced by the others, they are unable to achieve full smoothing of income risk (Thomas and Worrall 1990). The frictions that drive the possible negative impacts of hidden income are likely to be mediated by the relationships among a risk-sh...

This study was aimed to examine the relationship between individual, socioeconomic context and depressive symptom among Korean population. Data were the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS), a nationwide survey collected from 253 local communities including 230,715 adults aged 19 yr or over. To identify depressive symptom, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used....