Antigenic characterization of human rotaviruses by plaque reduction neutralization assay bas revealed four distinct serotypes. The outer capsid protein VP7, coded for by gene 8 or 9, is a major neutralization protein; however, studies of rotaviruses derived from genetic reassortment between two strains have confirmed that another outer capsid protein, VP3, is in some cases equally important in ...

The rotavirus non-structural protein NSP4 has been implicated in a number of biological functions during the rotavirus cellular cycle and pathogenesis, and has been addressed as a target for vaccine development. The NSP4 gene has been classified into six genotypes (A-F). A semi-nested triplex PCR was developed for genotyping the major human NSP4 genotypes (A-C), which are common in human rotavi...

Viral pathogens are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries. Human rotavirus and adenovirus infections are major causes of acute outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, occurring primarily among children less than 2 years of age. Patient hospitalization is often required, with enormous infection control implications. This work describes the development of real-t...

This study sought the characterization of rotaviruses in a trial with a tetravalent rhesus-human rotavirus vaccine in Belém, Brazil in children who received three doses of vaccine or placebo in the 1st, 3rd and 5th months of life. Rotavirus electropherotypes, subgroups, G serotypes, G, [P] and [P], G genotypes were determined in 93.3%, 95.9%, 93.3%, 73.3%, 95.5% and 92.2% of isolates, respectiv...

Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide and exhibits a pronounced small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) tropism. Both human infants and neonatal mice are highly susceptible, whereas adult individuals remain asymptomatic and shed only low numbers of viral particles. Here we investigated age-dependent mechanisms of the intestinal epithelial innate immune response to rotavirus infection ...

There is an urgent need for a rotavirus vaccine, because up to 592,000 infants and young children <5 years old die each year from rotavirus diarrhea, predominantly in the developing countries. We have developed a tetravalent human-bovine rotavirus (UK) reassortant vaccine with VP7 (G) specificity for serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, which has been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and effective in preven...

The molecular characterization of genotype P[6] rotavirus strains collected from children admitted to hospital with acute dehydrating diarrhoea during a 6-year surveillance period in Taiwan is described in this study. In total, three G4P[6] strains, one G5P[6] and one G12P[6] were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP4, VP7, VP6 and NSP4 genes. Whilst all four genes of...

rotavirus is the most important pathogen responsible for acute diarrhea in infants and young children. the incidence of rotavirus infection was studied in 156 children less than six years of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis, between february 22, 2006 and february 21, 2007 in mashhad. rotavirus antigen was detected by latex agglutination test (rotascreen) in 28.8% of the stool s...

Rotavirus infection is a major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants younger than 5 y old and in particular cases of immunocompromised patients irrespective to the age of the patients. Although vaccines have been developed, antiviral therapy is an important complement that cannot be substituted. Because of the lack of specific approved treatment, it is urgent to facilitate the cascade...