objective: smoking is a worldwide health problem. despite recent efforts to reduce the rate of smoking, adolescent smoking still remains a significant public health concern. current study was conducted to determine the effects of socio-environmental and personal factors on the smoking among adolescents. method: in the first stage of a longitudinal study of smoking in adolescents, 1785 students ...

In this study, hot smoking process was applied to thornback ray (Raja clavata), which is a non-target catch, and the product obtained vacuum packaged then stored at refrigerated conditions (4±1 °C) for 120 days. The nutritional, chemical, microbiological, sensory changes in products were examined every 15 After rays, significant observed nutritional composition of (P<0.05). Total volatil...

background the annual risk of tuberculosis (tb) in iran is about 0.5% with annual incidence rate of 23/100000 (16322 cases). different factors have been postulated as tb predisposing factors. several studies have linked smoking with pulmonary tuberculosis as the tb incidence in their adult men was 2.4 times higher than women. in iran, however, this ratio is equal and somewhere the ratio in wome...

Understanding the link between temperature and educational outcomes is important in assessing the efficiency and equity implications of various schooling interventions and the potential welfare impacts of climate change. Using student-level administrative data for the largest public school district in the United States, I estimate the causal impact of hot temperature on high-stakes exam perform...

backgroundthe absence of pain relief in infants can lead to harmful effects; so, this study aimed to investigate the effect of local heat on the pain of vitamin k injection in the infants.materials and methodsthis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 healthy infants. for the control group, 1 mg vitamin k was injected into the vastus lateralis muscle by a nurse. in the 3 intervention gr...

conclusions tendency towards smoking is influenced by different factors. clarifying these influential factors for smoking from the perspective of young males can be important in designing effective preventive programs. results two main categories derived from the analysis of the data: i) personal needs and features; and ii) environmental facilitators. the former concept included three subcatego...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: the respiratory module at shifa college of medicine (scm) is delivered in third year with emphasis on respiratory pathophysiology and respiratory medicine. smoking as a topic was introduced to emphasize the preventive aspects of respiratory illnesses. an innovative approach to involve students in their learning was developed. to determin...

abstract   background : noise is the most common hazard in the workplace and noise induced hearing loss considered to be the most common occupational disease as well. cigarette smoking, in some studies, has been known to induce hearing loss. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of contemporary exposure to occupational noise and cigarette smoking on hearing.   methods : 478 assem...

conclusions the current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria ss1, ss2 and ss3 from taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions. materials and methods bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from taptapani hot spring, odisha and screened fo...

objectives: japan has a relatively high prevalence of smoking in men. despite the importance of behavioral patterns on successful smoking cessation, only limited information is available in japan. the present study collected data from former smokers in a rural community in japan in order to identify health status at the time of cessation, predominant motivating factors, and the role of smoking ...