this experiment was conducted for evaluating the humoral immune responses induced by poly lactide-co-glycolide acid (plga) microspheres coupled inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine in comparison to an ‘in-house’ prepared inactivated and a live commercial vaccine. plg microparticles containing inactivated ndv were prepared by a double emulsion technique based on solvent evaporation ...

Microtechniques are now used extensively in diagnostic as well as immunological studies for viruses, protozoa, and bacteria (Sever, 1962; Edwards, 1964; Kessel, Lewis, Pasquel, and Turner, 1965). In microtitrations constant volumes of fluids are picked up and delivered by specially constructed and calibrated metallic microdiluters. According to the Microtiter Instruction Manual of the Cooke Eng...

In the present study we collected 177 serum samples from ostriches (Struthio camelus) infected experimentally with A/ostrich/South Africa/Middleton/2004 (H5N2) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We tested these samples using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, the agar gel immunodiffusion test and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We considered the HI test, with homolo...

Confirmatory test for syphilis such as fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS), Treponema pallidum immobilization test (TPI), Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test are technically demanding and not available in most developing country settings outside of reference laboratories. By far, TPHA test has the sensitivity and specificity almost similar to that of FTA-ABS t...

For the serodiagnosis of syphilis a quantitative passive agglutination (MCA-TP) test for antibodies to Treponema pallidum was performed with chemically stable microcapsules with no antigenic activity instead of with conventional sheep erythrocytes. The microcapsules were easily sensitised with the antigen of sonicated Treponema pallidum by treatment with glutaraldehyde. Compared with the Trepon...

Within the medical community, there is a tendency to describe all cystic lesions in the liver and lungs as Hydatid disease (HD) in areas with HD endemics. This approach may sometimes cause a misdiagnosis. We have three cases with children aged between seven, seven and ten year old, all of whom had been diagnosed, via radiologic imaging, with HD cysts and started on treatment without confirmatio...