BACKGROUND & AIMS We tested the hypothesis that oral administration of bile salts, which are known to increase the biliary excretion of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), decreases unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the Gunn rat model. METHODS Adult Gunn rats were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.5 weight % ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or cholic acid (CA) for 1 or 6 weeks. U...

Crigler-Najjar type 1 disease (CN-1) is a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of unconjugated bilirubin due to the absence of hepatic UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT1) activity. Here we show that in vivo neonatal hepatocyte transduction with a lentiviral vector expressing the defective enzyme resulted in long-term correction in Gunn rats, a model of CN-1. Lentiviral vectors harboring ...

BACKGROUND Markus-Gunn Jaw-winking Phenomenon (MGJW) is a congenital ptosis associated with synkinetic movement of upper lid on masticating movements of jaw. It results from aberrant connection between motor division of trigeminal nerve and oculomotor nerve. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of MGJW phenomenon and evaluate its surgical outcomes of unilateral levator excisi...

Jaundiced babies undergoing phototherapy often develop diarrhoea. The cause of it is still uncertain. Increasing evidence supports a role of a secretory mechanism for the diarrhoea. We therefore studied the effects of bile from congenitally jaundiced rats undergoing phototherapy and of unconjugated bilirubin on rat small intestine in vivo and in vitro. Results suggest that: (1) the bile from ho...

Intracerebral deposition of unconjugated bilirubin is believed to be primarily responsible for the neurological manifestations of kernicterus1 (1). Numerous in vitro studies have been carried out on the effect of unconjugated bilirubin on metabolic activity of liver and brain mitochondria (2), brain homogenates (3), cells grown in tissue culture (4, 5), and unicellular organisms (6). The majori...

Conventional lore from Tremaine and Gunn excludes fermionic dark matter lighter than a few hundred eV, based on the Pauli exclusion principle. We highlight simple way of evading this bound with large number species that leads to numerous nontrivial consequences. In scenario there are many distinct fermions quasidegenerate masses no couplings standard model. Nonetheless, gravitational interactio...