Bar charts are common data representations in scientific and technical papers. In order to recognize the printed bar charst, we present a new Hough based bar chart recognition algorithm which combines syntactic analysis into segmentation. We first detect the most salient feature in any bar chart, bar patterns, using syntactic analysis in the Hough domain. Then we group text primitives according...

Increasingly stringent limits for NOx and SO2 emission are forcing the investigation of new reduction methods. This study was conducted to determine combination primary measures, i.e., flue gas recirculation (FGR) excess air effects on sulfur, nitrogen hydrocarbon emissions, in boiler gas. Experimental research performed using an experimental, small-scale (20 kW) model industrial biofuel boiler...

This paper describes a general methodology for simplifying the design and analysis of BAR protocols. BAR protocols allow the participation of Byzantine, Altruistic, and Rational players. Because BAR protocols tolerate both arbitrary behaviors by some nodes and selfish behavior by the rest, they are appropriate for service and applications spanning multiple administrative domains. We focus our a...

We have used 2D Fabry-Perot absorption-line spectroscopy of the SB0 galaxy NGC 7079 to measure its bar pattern speed, Ωp. As in all previous cases of bar pattern speed measurements, we find a fast bar. We estimate that NGC 7079 has been undisturbed for at least the past Gyr or roughly 8 bar rotations, long enough for the bar to have slowed down significantly through dynamical friction if the di...

Evidence of a misaligned secondary bar, within the primary bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), is presented. The density distribution and the dereddened mean magnitudes ( ) of the red clump stars in the bar I0 obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment II data are used for this study. The bar region that predominantly showed a wavy pattern in the line of sight in a recent p...

ABSTRACT We use the NewHorizon simulation to study redshift evolution of bar properties and fractions within galaxies in stellar masses range M? = 107.25–1011.4$\, \rm {M}_\odot$ over z 0.25–1.3. select disc using kinematics as a proxy for galaxy morphology. employ two different automated detection methods, coupled with visual inspection, resulting observable fbar 0.070$_{{-0.012}}^{{+0.018}}$ ...

The division of galaxies into " barred " (SB) and " normal " (S) spirals is a fundamental aspect of the Hubble galaxy classification system. This " tuning fork " view was revised by de Vaucouleurs, whose classification volume recognized apparent " bar strength " (SA, SAB, SB) as a continuous property of galaxies called the " family ". However, the SA, SAB, and SB families are purely visual judg...