Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), increasingly popular prebiotics, are synthesized by enzymatic conversion of lactose. Among others, the total production costs significantly influenced costly enzyme. Therefore, it was investigated if reuse and full recovery enzyme is feasible, followed development a semi-continuous process in order to maintain consistent high GOS yield. As preliminary step, enzym...

Cognitive radio (CR) is an exciting technology to solve the spectrum scarcity problem in future cellular networks. As grade-of-service (GoS) performances directly reflect user's experiences cognitive networks (CCNs), GoS performance analysis of OSA scheme CCNs has attracted much attention. In this article, we derive metrics with a three-dimension continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) model opport...

Analytical methods on grade of service (GoS, quantified by the blocking probability which is denoted as Pb) evaluation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access cellular networks for real-time traffic are important for cell-dimensioning. Existing works use simplified spectral efficiency (SE) models that lead to conservative outcomes. For computing cell-wide and cell-average Pb the exact ...

BACKGROUND On the basis of mixed results from previous trials, we assessed whether therapeutic hypothermia for 48-72 h with slow rewarming improved mortality in children after brain injury. METHODS In this phase 3, multicenter, multinational, randomised controlled trial, we included patients with severe traumatic brain injury who were younger than 18 years and could be enrolled within 6 h of ...

BACKGROUND Probiotics and prebiotics are promising strategies to counteract Salmonella prevalence in swine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prebiotics (fructo- (FOS), galacto- (GOS) and mannan- (MOS) oligosaccharides) and the bacteriocinogenic Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 (RBL67) on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium N-15 (N-15) colonization using...

We are entering a new era in genomics-that of large-scale, place-based, highly contextualized genomic research. Here we review this emerging paradigm shift and suggest that sites of utmost scientific importance be expanded into 'Genomic Observatories' (GOs). Investment in GOs should focus on the digital characterization of whole ecosystems, from all-taxa biotic inventories to time-series 'omics...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to describe the clinical outcome and angiographic results obtained in the endovascular therapy of ruptured posterior circulation cerebral aneurysms using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) over a 7-year period. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of 112 patients evaluated at the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center between June 199...

Because digital audio data is not deteriorated by copying, its illegal reproduction can be easily made. Recently, copyright infringement becomes a social problem such as the illegal reproduction is distributed on the Internet. Hence, the audio watermarking methods, techniques to embed proprietary data into dagital audio data, have attached attention as a prevention technique against the copyrig...