The fuzzy structured element (FSE) theory is a very useful toolfor dealing with fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)problems by transforming the criterion value vectors of eachalternative into the corresponding criterion function vectors. Inthis paper, some concepts related to function vectors are firstdefined, such as the inner product of two function vectors, thecosine of the included ...

BACKGROUND The early stages of biological invasions are rarely observed, but can provide significant insight into the invasion process as well as the influence vectors have on invasion success or failure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We characterized three newly discovered populations of an introduced gastropod, Littorina littorea (Linné, 1758), in California, USA, comparing them to potenti...

Malaria larvae embrace unpredictable variable life periods as they spread across many stratospheres of the mosquito vectors. There are transcriptomes a thousand distinct species. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) is ubiquitous gene expression strategy that contributes to improvement genetic survey recognition. RNA-seq measures transcripts data, including methodological enhancements machine ...

We show the use of a genetic algorithm for feature subset selection over feature vectors that describe the system calls executed by privileged processes. Genetic feature subset selection significantly reduces the number of features used without adversely affecting the accuracy of the predictions.

In this paper, we consider a block Jacobi preconditioner and various deflation techniques applied in the Deflated Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (DPCG) method for solving sparse system of linear equations derived from statistical mixed model that analyses simultaneously phenotypic pedigree information genotyped ungenotyped animals with Single Polymorphism Nucleotide genotypes animals. livest...

adenoviruses are used extensively to deliver genes into mammalian cells, particularly where there is a requirement for high-level expression of transgene products in cultured cells, or for use as recombinant viral vaccines or in gene therapy. in spite of their usefulness, the construction of adenoviral vectors (adv) is a cumbersome and lengthy process that is not readily amenable to the generat...

Sequence analysis suggests that ancient recombination events may have occurred between genetically distinct retroviruses. An experimental system was utilized to explore the genetic interaction between different viruses. Moloney murine sarcoma virus and spleen necrosis virus are type C retroviruses that belong to different subgenera. With vectors containing packaging signals from these two virus...

Gene therapy has attracted particular attention for the treatment of various genetic diseases, and development gene delivery vectors is utmost importance in vivo applications drugs. Various cationic polymers with high nucleic acid loading intracellular transfection efficiency have been reported, however, their biological are limited by potential toxicity. Surface modification a robust solution ...

GENE THERAPISTS have a special fondness for hematology. Initially, this was due to the many inherited diseases that could potentially be cured by ex vivo genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells. Once the early murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors were found to transduce only a small percentage of primate stem cells, the search began for other types of vectors that might work more effici...