Unlike isolated beta-cells, which usually produce continuous spikes or fast and irregular bursts, electrically coupled beta-cells are apt to exhibit robust bursting action potentials. We consider the noise induced by thermal fluctuations as well as that by channel-gating stochasticity and examine its effects on the action potential behavior of the beta-cell model. It is observed numerically tha...

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Studies that have investigated the role of unemployment in childbearing decisions have often provided conflicting results. We argue that many of the inconsistencies of prior research may be attributed to a neglect of group-specific differences in behavior. In this study, we examine how the effects of unemployment on fertility vary by sociodemographic subgroups using data from the German Socio-E...

Based on the panel data of 14 cities in Guangxi(China) from 2004 to 2021, a two-way fixed effect model is established analyze effects wage gap and human capital economic between non-primary primary cities. The results found that both have significant positive impact general; regional heterogeneity tests show some terms gap, while others do not; there moderating industrial structure upgrading re...

Aubhik Khan* It is difficult to overemphasize the potential benefits of economic growth for improving human welfare. For example, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, three of the world’s lowest income nations, had real per capita GDP of $1908, $1633, and $1793, respectively, in 1992. In contrast, the equivalent values for three of the world’s highest income nations, Denmark, Sweden, and the United...

• U0 = V which is a subspace of R. Thus, U0 is a vector space • Assume that Ui is a vector space, for i ≥ 0. We will show that Ui+1 = Ui ∩A Ui is also a vector space. From the definition of Ui+1, it is clear that Ui+1 ⊆ Ui. We also have: – For any x, y ∈ Ui+1: x, y ∈ Ui ∩ A Ui, thus x ∈ Ui and x ∈ A Ui ⇒ Ax ∈ Ui. Similarly, y ∈ Ui and Ay ∈ Ui. Since Ui is a vector space, it follows that x + y ∈...

Astrocytes are organized as networks of communicating cells due to their high expression level of connexins, the molecular constituents of gap junction channels. Based on their permeability properties for ions and small signaling molecules such astroglial wiring interferes with neuronal activity and survival. In this paper, I identify and discuss which future technical and conceptual progress o...

Strategies are systematic and long-term approaches to problems. Federal, state, and local governments are investing in the development of strategies to further their e-government goals. These strategies are based on their knowledge of the field and the relevant resources available to them. Governments are communicating these strategies to practitioners through the use of practical guides. The g...