The title compound, {[Er2(C4H2O4)2(C2O4)(H2O)4]·4H2O} n , was synthesized by the reaction of erbium nitrate hexa-hydrate with fumaric acid and oxalic acid under hydro-thermal conditions. The Er(3+) cation (site symmetry ..2) is eight-coordinated by six O atoms from four fumarate anions (site symmetry ..2) and one bidentate oxalate anion (site symmetry 222), and by two water mol-ecules. The comp...

Fumaric acid esters (FAE) are small molecules with immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. FAE were introduced as a systemic psoriasis treatment in 1959 and empirically developed further between 1970 and 1990 in Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. The development of FAE as psoriasis treatment did not follow the traditional drug development phases. Nonetheless, in...

Background: Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have been used as a drug since 1959. The therapeutic preparation containing FAE has been one of the prominent drugs used for the systemic treatment of psoriasis since 1994 in Germany. FAE have been used in the treatment of sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, cheilitis granulomatosa, annular elastotic giant cell granuloma, malignant melan...

An anti-thrombin substance (M2) was isolated from a culture broth of Rhizopus javanicus. Accumulation of M2 reached a maximum peak after 14 to 15 days of incubation and then decreased. The yield of M2 was 500 mg from 1 L of culture broth. M2 inhibited thrombin activity, and its 50% inhibition concentration in a reaction mixture containing 50 microL of 12.5 NIH unit/mL thrombin and 200 microL of...

BACKGROUND Fumaric acid is a commercially important component of foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and industrial materials, yet the current methods of production are unsustainable and ecologically destructive. RESULTS In this study, the fumarate biosynthetic pathway involving reductive reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was exogenously introduced in S. cerevisiae by a series of simple genet...

Zwitterionic co-crystals family could be basis for very different structural and theoretical examinations as their ability to alter solubility and deliver a wide solubility spectrum is receiving more attention. Many zwitterionic co-crystals crystal structures exhibited carboxylate-hydroxyl supramolecular heterosynthons preference. In addition to examples of zwitterionic co-crystals in the Cambr...

Cocrystallization of drug with coformers is a promising approach to alter the solid state properties substances like solubility and dissolution. The objective present work was preparation, formulation evaluation clozapine cocrystal by screening various coformers. Clozapine co-crystals were prepared using different benzoic acid, fumaric sodium saccharin acetate. Cocrystals solvent evaporation me...

Yogurt is traditionally fermented by a symbiotic starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. These bacteria exchange metabolites with each other to meet their nutritional demands during protocooperation, resulting in shorter fermentation time. In this study, we investigated whether fumaric acid functions as agent promote the growth Lb. bulgaricus...