Frogs possess pain receptors and pathways that support processing and perception of noxious stimuli however the level of organization is less well structured compared to mammals. It was long believed that the experience of pain was limited to 'higher' phylums of the animal kingdom. However, it is now commonly accepted that amphibians possess neuro-anatomical pathways conductive of a complete no...

A mechanism in the lungs of tree frogs helps filter incoming noise and other amphibian sounds from calls their own species.

A new study shows that biparental care in frogs is more likely to evolve when tadpoles are reared under environmentally harsh conditions. Biparental care facilitates both social monogamy and genetic monogamy; frogs that work together to raise their offspring have higher mating fidelity to one another.

Consider a Poisson process on R with intensity f where 0 ≤ f(x) <∞ for x ≥ 0 and f(x) = 0 for x < 0. The “points” of the process represent sleeping frogs. In addition, there is one active frog initially located at the origin. At time t = 0 this frog begins performing Brownian motion with leftward drift λ (i.e. its motion is a random process of the form Bt − λt). Any time an active frog arrives ...

BACKGROUND Skeletal and eye abnormalities in amphibians are not well understood, and they appear to be increasing while global populations decline. Here, we present the first study of amphibian abnormalities in Alaska. OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated the relationship between anthropogenic influences and the probability of skeletal and eye abnormalities in Alaskan wood frogs (Rana sylv...

The emerging amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, which is caused by the fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd), has caused mass mortalities of native amphibian populations globally. There have been no previous studies on the relationships between stress hormones in free-living amphibians and Bd infections. In this study, we measured urinary corticosterone metabolite concentrations...

With few exceptions, aposematically colored poison frogs sequester defensive alkaloids, unchanged, from dietary arthropods. In the Neotropics, myrmicine and formicine ants and the siphonotid millipede Rhinotus purpureus are dietary sources for alkaloids in dendrobatid poison frogs, yet the arthropod sources for Mantella poison frogs in Madagascar remained unknown. We report GC-MS analyses of ex...

Survival in the frozen state depends on biochemical adaptations that deal with multiple stresses on cells including long-term ischaemia and tissue dehydration. We investigated whether the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could play a regulatory role in the metabolic re-sculpting that occurs during freezing. AMPK activity and the phosphorylation state of translation factors were measured in l...

We study the recurrence property of one-per-site frog model FM(d,p) on a d-ary tree with drift parameter p∈[0,1], which determines bias frogs’ random walks. In this model, active frogs move toward root probability p or otherwise to uniformly chosen child vertex. Whenever site is visited for first time, new introduced at site. are interested in minimal pd so that recurrent. Using coupling argume...

Why are they called túngara frogs? As in most frog species, males call to attract females. Unlike most other frog species, túngara frogs produce both simple and complex calls. A simple call consists of a frequencymodulated sweep called a ‘whine’, while a complex call is a whine plus one to six or seven broadband ‘chucks’. The name ‘túngara’ frog is onomatopoeically derived from the male’s call:...