Toxoplasmosis, an infectious and inflammatory syndrome, is one of the most important foodborne diseases causing hospitalization and death in U.S.A. Toxoplasma infects nucleated cells including pancreatic and destroys the β cells. Toxoplasma is a Category B classified infection by CDC and NIH, which once infected the organisms reside in tissues in cysts form for the host's lifelong awaiting reac...

Increasing numbers of cases of Vero cytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 infection, well published incidents, and new scientific evidence make it appropriate to produce new guidelines for their control. This document reviews the clinical and epidemiological features of VTEC O157 infection, describes the principles of microbiological investigation and laboratory safety, and presents ...

The incidence of foodborne diseases has increased over the years and resulted in major public health problem globally. Foodborne pathogens can be found in various foods and it is important to detect foodborne pathogens to provide safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. The conventional methods used to detect foodborne pathogen are time consuming and laborious. Hence, a variety of me...

Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC) are significant causative agents for diarrheal diseases globally. Vaccination has been deemed as the most effective strategy preventing EPEC EHEC caused foodborne illnesses; however, FDA not yet licensed any vaccine against or EHEC. Of note, live attenuated bacterial scarcely investigated infection, in particul...

Background. Foodborne disease is estimated to cause 48 million illnesses annually in the US resulting in 3000 deaths [1]. Although most infections occur as sporadic cases, outbreak surveillance offers valuable insight about the foods and pathogens responsible for illnesses [2]. A total of 1632 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported during 20112012 [3] and recent data indicates an overall dec...

There is unanimous consensus that insects are important vectors of foodborne pathogens. However, linking insects as vectors of the pathogen causing a particular foodborne illness outbreak has been challenging. This is because insects are not being aseptically collected as part of an environmental sampling program during foodborne outbreak investigations and because there is not a standardized m...

Foodborne zoonoses are the most neglected discipline due to a lack of awareness potential health hazards, standardized detection methods, and identification infectious host reservoirs. Food is major carriage vehicle for transmission zoonotic pathogens many outbreaks globally. Resilient surveillance holistic intervention effective mitigation strategies at both preharvest (bacteriophages, probiot...

Toxoplasmosis has been recognized as parasitic zoonosis with the highest human incidence. The human infection by the parasite can lead to severe clinical manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis and immunocompromised patients. Contamination occurs mainly by foodborne ways especially consumption of raw or undercooked meat. In contrast to other foodborne infections, toxoplasmosis is a chronic i...

A large foodborne outbreak caused by Norwalk-like virus (NLV) among children and staff at 30 day care centers provided an opportunity to study symptomatology and attack rates among patients in different age groups, as well as secondary transmission rates in centers and households. A retrospective cohort study of 775 subjects from 13 randomly chosen centers was performed. Diarrhea was more commo...