A chemostat limited by a single growth-limiting substrate displays a rich spectrum of dynamics. Depending on the flow rate and feed concentration, the chemostat settles into a steady state or executes sustained oscillations. The transients in response to abrupt increases in the flow rate or the feed concentration are also quite complex. For example, if the increase in the flow rate is small, th...

THERE has been significant work recently in the development of iodine-fed Hall thrusters for in-space propulsion applications.1 The use of iodine as a propellant provides many advantages over present xenon-gas-fed Hall thruster systems. Iodine is a solid at ambient temperature (no pressurization required) and has no special handling requirements, making it safe for secondary flight opportunitie...

A fuzzy-decision-making procedure is applied to find the optimal feed policy of a fed-batch fermentation process for L-lysine production in a stirred tank bioreactor from Brevibacterium flavum 22LD. The policy consists of a feed flow rate, feed concentration of glucose and threonine, and fermentation time. In this paper the fermentation process is formulated as a general multiple objective opti...

This paper describes a steady state model of a multiple effect evaporator system for simulation and control purposes. The model includes overall as well as component mass balance equations, energy balance equations and heat transfer rate equations for area calculations for all the effects. Each effect in the process is represented by a number of variables which are related by the energy and mat...

Encapsulation technique via spray drying can be employed to enhance the natural pigment’s properties. In this study, spray-dried microparticles containing red pigment (prodigiosin) extracted from Serratia marcescens was produced using κcarrageenan and maltodextrin as encapsulation agents. The effect of spray-drying parameters on the encapsulation yield (EY), particle size and color intensity of...

Birds were given a new formulation of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895 solid-state fermented soybean that retained the spores of the aforementioned organism. Mass dynamics, feed flow rate and broiler performance were observed to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. At each time point, the live mass was greater than that of the control group, reaching a difference of 7-8% by day 28. A ...

There are innumerable varieties of devices available for the supply of fluid media to continuous culture systems. The unit presented here offers the advantage of being an inexpensive system with a high degree of reliability. No moving parts or pumps are required, and functional models can be constructed from routine laboratory ware. The primary problem with gravity flow or "drip" systems has be...

Ronozyme PTM CT (RCT), a phytase, was developed for improved heat stability for pelleted feeds to avoid the need for liquid phytase application. The patented, thin lipid coating of the beadlet reduces enzyme exposure to moisture, one of the two major destabilizing factors for phytase during pelleting. Retention tests were completed in 12 randomly chosen integrated U.S. poultry commercial feedmi...