Asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and airway hyper-responsiveness are often found in elite athletes, perhaps as a consequence of their sport or maybe because asthma is a common disorder in young adults. Inhaled beta2-agonists (IBA) are frequently used in elite athletes, but due to regulations introduced by the International Olympic Committee, the use of anti-asthmatic therapy might ...

Background Caffeine is commonly used as an ergogenic aid. Literature about the effects of caffeine ingestion on muscle strength and power is equivocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize results from individual studies on the effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power. Methods A search through eight databases was performed to find studies on the ...

Classic physiology studies dating to the 1930s demonstrate that moderate or transient glucocorticoid (GC) exposure improves muscle performance. The ergogenic properties of GCs are further evidenced by their surreptitious use as doping agents by endurance athletes and poorly understood efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic muscle-wasting disease. A defined molecular basis unde...

During the past decade, the nutritional supplement creatine monohydrate has been gaining popularity exponentially. Introduced to the general public in the early 1990s, shortly after the Barcelona Olympic Games, creatine (Cr) has become one of the most widely used nutritional supplements or ergogenic aids, with loading doses as high as 20-30 g·day(-1) for 5-7 days typical among athletes. This pa...

This study aimed to determine cyclists’ nutritional knowledge and habits, ergogenic aid usage shed light on the relation between usage. It was conducted in Cyprus. There were three groups (study groups: competitive cyclists-CC, recreational cyclists-RC; control group-CG: sedentary adults). Data collected with a questionnaire that had sections (the first two related general aids, anthropometric ...

Objective: Caffeine is a drug consumed regularly by approximately 90% of adults worldwide, primarily due to its ability to reduce fatigue and increase wakefulness. The benefit of caffeine consumption on athletic performance in large doses (3-9 mg/kg body weight or BW) is frequently documented in aerobic athletes. The benefits of caffeine supplementation in resistance training variables, such as...