It has been reported that patients with hereditary multiple exostoses (called multiple osteochondromatosis by the World Health Organization) are at increased risk for malignant transformation of osteochondromas to secondary chondrosarcomas. A review of the literature found 14 cases showing transformation of osteochondromas into osteosarcomas; however, Ewing sarcoma has never been reported super...

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal deformity associated with rapid growth in a number of avian species. The disease is the result of a disruption in the cascade of events that occur in the epiphyseal growth plate. Whereas the incidence of TD is susceptible to genetic selection, no specific genetic defect has been identified. Although there are extensive data describing the morphological...

Thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and vitamin-D deficiency rickets are avian bone disorders of different etiologies characterized by abnormal chondrocyte differentiation, enlarged and unvascularized growth plates, and lameness. Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a proangiogenic factor in mammalian tissues and in tumors; therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors were developed as antiangiogenic factor...

Femoral head separation (FHS) and necrosis is a sporadic leg problem of unknown etiology in broiler breeders. To determine the underlying physiology of FHS, the blood chemistry and histopathology of the femoral growth plates of the affected chickens were compared with their age-matched controls and with birds having tibial dyschondroplasia. Femoral problems were categorized on the basis of 1) f...

A 48-year-old man was referred to our unit for assessment of recurring episodes of painful torticollis. Family and past histories were unremarkable. There was no traumatic antecedent. During the previous three years he had experienced several episodes of torticollis and painful cervical movements without radiculopathy. His neurological examination was normal, except for a head tilt, decrease ra...

Background: In patients with a congenital or developmental limb-length discrepancy, the short limb grows at a rate proportional to that of the normal, long limb. This is the basis of predicting limb-length discrepancy with existing methods, which are complicated and require multiple data points. The purpose of our study was to derive a simple arithmetic formula that can easily and accurately pr...

A30-year-old woman presented with painful hemangiomas (Figure, A and B) and enchondromas (Figure, C) in her arms, predominantly in the left hand. The hemangiomas had existed since childhood. They were slowly increasing in size, especially the girth of the left thumb. Multiple resections of enchondromas and transarterial carpal embolizations of the hemangiomas with polyvinyl alcohol particles ha...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator of angiogenesis and endochondral ossification. To explore the role of VEGF in avian diseases such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), a typical disorder of endochondral ossification, we expressed and identified recombinant chicken VEGF (chVEGF) protein in Pichia pastoris and evaluated its effects on thiram-induced TD in broiler chi...

21 patients (10 male, 11 female) aged between 11 months and 29 years with Shwachman's syndrome are reviewed. All patients had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Haematological features included neutropenia in 19 (95%), anaemia in 10 (50%), and thrombocytopenia in 14 (70%); one patient developed erythroleukaemia. Severe infections occurred in 17 (85%) from which 3 (15%) died. Only one child exce...

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), a major metabolic cartilage disease in poultry, is characterized by the distension of proximal growth plates of tibia that fail to form bone, lack blood vessels, and contain nonviable cells. Thiram, a carbamate pesticide, when fed to young broiler chicks induces TD with high regularity and precision. We used this experimental model to understand the cause of the de...