In Western culture, there appears to be widespread endorsement of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which stresses equality and freedom). But do people really apply their equality values equally, or are their principles and application systematically discrepant, resulting in equality hypocrisy? The present study, conducted with a representative national sample of adults in...

Research continues to find gender inequality in politics and political communication, but our understanding of the variation degree bias across systems is limited. A recent meta-analysis reveals how, countries with proportional representation (PR), media pay considerably more attention men politicians. In plurality systems, this absent. The present study proposes a new explanation for finding, ...

This paper provides a stronger result for exploiting positive equality in the logic of Equality with Uninterpreted Functions (EUF). Positive equality analysis is used to reduce the number of interpretations required to check the validity of a formula. We remove the primary restriction of the previous approach proposed by Bryant, German and Velev [5], where positive equality could be exploited o...

The article argues that the emergence and maintenance of Costa Rican democracy cannot be attributed to unique economic or social circumstances, but rather identifiable elite actions changed character political life. argument is supported by a review recent history an analysis functioning contemporary system. This runs counter very common attributes Rica's relative equality wealth status has cha...

The paper explores the application of a synergetic approach in managing public service personnel developing country, utilizing methods such as six thinking hats, Delphi, analysis and synthesis, deductive, Stanford model design thinking. It analyses sustainable development indicators, changes management within government bodies, highlights HDI 0.779, Corruption Perceptions Index 32, Income Inequ...

We consider a mild extension of universal algebra in which terms are built both from deterministic and probabilistic variables, and are interpreted as distributions. We formulate an equational proof system to establish equality between probabilistic terms, show its soundness, and provide heuristics for proving the validity of equations. Moreover, we provide decision procedures for deciding the ...

Artificial agents such as robots are performing increasingly significant ethical roles in society. As a result, there is a growing literature regarding their moral status with many suggesting it is justified to regard manufactured entities as having intrinsic moral worth. However, the question of whether artificial agents could have the high degree of moral status that is attributed to human pe...