BACKGROUND Can deliberate interaction between the public and persons affected by leprosy reduce stigmatization? The study described in this paper hypothesises that it can and assesses the effectiveness of a 'contact intervention'. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This cluster-randomized controlled intervention study is part of the Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project conducted i...

Dear Editor, Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is characterized by attenuated arterioles and ischemic retinal opacity, which suggest retinal infarction. Branch RAO (BRAO) has a more favorable prognosis than central RAO (CRAO). CRAO and BRAO can be differentiated based on the isch-emic retinal opacity area, location of the attenuated vessels , and a cherry-red spot [1]. However, we encountered a ca...

Context. Spacecraft measurements have shown Kinetic Alfv\'en Waves propagating in the terrestrial magnetosphere at lower wavenormal angles than predicted by linear Vlasov theory of electron-proton plasmas. To explain these observations, it has been suggested that abundant heavy ion populations this region may strong, non-trivial effects allow Alfv\'enic waves to acquire right-handed polarizatio...

The elements that impact the dynamics and collaborations of waves particles in magnetosphere planets have been considered here. Saturn’s internal is determined by substantiated instabilities discovered to be an exceptional zone wave activity. Interchanged instability found one responsible events view temperature anisotropy energization processes magnetospheric species. generated active ions alo...