We present the results of our further investigation of the Gas Electron Mutiplier (GEM) photomultiplier consisting of a solid CsI photocathode coupled to a cascade of GEMs. It operates with mixtures of pure noble gases or with noble gases having small additives of nitrogen or methane. The GEM photomultiplier (GPM) reaches multiplication factors of 105}106, allowing for detection of single photo...

Searching for innovative approaches to detect single photons remains at the center of science and technology for decades. This paper proposes a zero transit-time, non-avalanche quantum capacitive photodetector to register single photons. In this detector, the absorption of a single photon changes the wave function of a single electron trapped in a quantum dot (QD), leading to a charge density r...

A Large Area Avalanche Photodiode was studied, aiming to access its performance as light detector at low temperatures, down to 80 C. The excess noise factor, F ; was measured and found to be approximately independent of the temperature. A linear dependence of F on the APD gain with a slope of 0.0023970.00008 was observed for gains >100. The detection of low intensity light pulses, producing onl...

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We introduce the standard distribution width of fitness to characterize the global and individual features of a ecosystem in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. Through tracking this quantity in evolution, a different hierarchy of avalanche dynamics, w0 avalanche is observed. The corresponding gap equation and the self-organized threshold wc are obtained. The critical exponents τ, γ and ρ, which d...

Nanoscale confinement of dielectric molecules is expected to influence their breakdown mechanism in applications such as nanoprobe based machining, molecular electronics, and other related technologies. This Letter presents the first experimental study of the breakdown of nonpolar, nonthiolated liquid dielectrics in the nanometer regime and develops a field emission assisted avalanche based app...

[1] Recent observations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) (Smith et al., 2005) suggest the need for a new mechanism of TGF production. Consideration of relativistic runaway electron (RRE) avalanche driven by electromagnetic impulses (EMP) radiated by rapidly moving lightning return strokes indicates that TGFs can be produced by discharges with peak return stroke currents Ip > 450–700 kA w...

Reverse recovery of a P-i-N power diode at high dI/dt is subject to two detrimental effects, i.e. avalanche injection and snap-off. Both the effects can be reduced by a proper application of lifetime engineering. For this purpose, combined proton and electron irradiation was found to be the method of choice. For exact design of irradiation parameters, the device simulation, taking into account ...

We demonstrate a nanopillar (NP) device structure for implementing plasmonically enhanced avalanche photodetector arrays with thin avalanche volumes (∼ 310 nm × 150 nm × 150 nm). A localized 3D electric field due to a core-shell PN junction in a NP acts as a multiplication region, while efficient light absorption takes place via surface plasmon polariton Bloch wave (SPP-BW) modes due to a self-...