OBJECTIVES Thirty states have smoke-free air laws that ban smoking in restaurants and bars, covering nearly two-thirds of the US population. It is well established that these laws generally have a null or positive economic impact on restaurants and bars. However, all establishments in a geographic area are usually treated as a homogeneous group without considering the potential for differential...

This paper examines the future of industrial capitalism, and more precisely the rise of the new information and knowledge society (IKS) and the development of the information network economy. We propose an interdisciplinary approach connecting economic analysis and information and communication sciences. First, we describe the euphoria over the new IKS. Then, we show that information networks l...

We test the hypothesis that in an economic recovery, unionization negatively affects job creation. We examine state-level job growth following two recent recessions, those with troughs in November 1982 and March 1991. In the five years following the troughs, we assess whether variations across states in union membership and right-to-work laws affect the rate of job growth. We find evidence that...

This article explores the state of interplay between recent efforts to introduce complex systems methods into economics and the understanding of empirical phenomena. The empirical side of economic complexity may be divided into three general branches: historical studies, the identification of power and scaling laws, and analyses of social interactions. I argue that, while providing useful styli...

Due to the importance of energy consumption in a steam network of oil refinery as a significant unit, present study is concerned with the optimization of an oil refinery steam network. Here, the attempt was made to use concepts such as first and second thermodynamic laws, thermo-economic, environmental and economic discussions to investigate three different scenarios about Tehran refinery steam...

The king or the master of a Nation did not want to see any kind misery for his subjects. It may be thought that if people are in problem then they will go as son goes father solutions. Then part and he has pay attention it. But there is less no state also can think about prosperity state. This experienced history medieval India. There was continuous fighting between Indian Kings well wars Islam...