in this paper the numerical simulation and operation comparison of two sizes of air gun pellets with 4.5 and 5.5 mm calibers is performed. these pellets affected by drag force and are encountered to continuous velocity variations and experience an unsteady flow. in order to solve this problem numerically, the navier- stokes equations in an unsteady compressible turbulent flow with the dynamical...

the output error of the globoidal cam mechanism can be considered as a relevant indicator ofmechanism performance, because it determines kinematic and dynamical behavior of mechanicaltransmission. based on the differential geometry and the rigid body transformations, themathematical model of surface geometry of the globoidal cam is established. then we present theanalytical expression of the ou...

We investigate the averaging problem in cosmology as the problem of introducing a distance between spaces. We first introduce the spectral distance, which is a measure of closeness between spaces defined in terms of the spectra of the Laplacian. Then we define SN , a space of all spaces equipped with the spectral distance. We argue that SN can be regarded as a metric space and that it also poss...

The authors investigated the dynamics of steering and obstacle avoidance, with the aim of predicting routes through complex scenes. Participants walked in a virtual environment toward a goal (Experiment 1) and around an obstacle (Experiment 2) whose initial angle and distance varied. Goals and obstacles behave as attractors and repellers of heading, respectively, whose strengths depend on dista...

Following the prescription of Ref. [1] in which perfect state transference (PST) of a qubit over distance regular spin networks was discussed, in this paper PST of an arbitrary d-level quantum state (qudit) over antipodes of more general networks called pseudo distance-regular networks, is investigated. In fact, the spectral analysis techniques used in the previous work [1], and algebraic struc...

The solution conformation of bovine anaphylatoxin C5a has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 1H-NMR spectrum is assigned in a sequential manner using a variety of two-dimensional NMR techniques. A qualitative interpretation of the short range nuclear Overhauser enhancement data involving the NH, C alpha H and C beta H protons suggests that C5a has four helic...

Dissipative Hamiltonian (DH) systems are an important concept in energy based modeling of dynamical systems. One of the major advantages of the DH formulation is that system properties are encoded in an algebraic way. For instance, the algebraic structure of DH systems guarantees that the system is automatically stable. In this paper the question is discussed when a linear constant coefficient ...

We present and analyse a model for the spherical pulsations and translational motions of a pair of interacting gas bubbles in an incompressible liquid. The model is derived rigorously in the context of potential flow theory and contains all terms up to and including fourth order in the inverse separation distance between the bubbles. We use this model to study the cases of both weak and moderat...

vspace{0.2cm}In this paper, we design a data structure for the following problem. Let $pi$ be an $x$-monotone trajectory with $n$ vertices in the plane and $epsilon >0$. We show how to preprocess $pi$ and $epsilon$ into a data structure such that for any horizontal query segment $Q$ in the plane, one can quickly determine the minimal continuous fraction of $pi$ whose Fr{'e}chet and Hausdo...