urban parks have essential role in public welfare. their role could be observed in personal, socio-economic, environmental and mental wellbeing. provision of socio-mental needs of citizens and enhancement of social cohesion are contributed to the way of using urban open and green spaces which such issue requires elaborated planning and design. equal access to parks is an important issue in dist...

Rapid increasing logistics demands call for high efficiency delivery in cities. Effective city planning of distribution centers is crucial. This paper first analyzes the current situation and constraint of Shanghai distribution centers. Then investment proposal is made for Shanghai distribution center relocation. The facility site selection and layout plan are proposed, and the commitment is ca...

Location planning for urban distribution centers is vital in saving distribution costs and minimizing traffic congestion arising from goods movement in urban areas. In this paper, we present a multi-criteria decision making approach for location planning for urban distribution centers under uncertainty. The proposed approach involves identification of potential locations, selection of evaluatio...

Under the present European directive concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity, distribution companies are not allowed to own Distributed Generation (DG) but encouraged to include it as a planning option to defer investment in traditional grid reinforcements. Distribution system operators (DSOs) have used the provision of capacity contracted to DG as a viable alternative un...

The vast majority of the developed planning methods for power distribution systems consider only one objective function to optimize. This function represents the economical costs of the systems. However, there are other planning aspects that should be considered but they can not be expressed in terms of costs; therefore, they need to be formulated as separate objective functions. This paper pre...

The connection points between MV and LV distribution networks are MV substations. Optimal sitting, sizing and timing of MV substation placement is the major planning problem in MV-LV distribution system planning projects. In this paper the optimal MV substation placement problem is solved using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) as a new developed heuristic optimization algorithm. This pro...

Smart grids (SGs), as an emerging grid modernization concept, is spreading across diverse research areas for revolutionizing power systems. SGs realize new key concepts with intelligent technologies, maximizing achieved objectives and addressing critical issues that are limited in conventional grids. The SG modernization is more noticeable at the distribution grid level. Thus, the transformatio...