Blood cultures are positive for Candida species in < 50% and < 20% of hematogenously disseminated and intra-abdominal candidiasis, respectively. Non-culture tests such as mannan, anti-mannan antibody, Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA), 1,3-β-d-glucan (BDG), the T2Candida nanodiagnostic panel, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available for clinical use, but their roles in patien...

The effect of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on acute disseminated Candida albicans infection in nonneutropenic mice was investigated. Mice treated with a single dose of rG-CSF showed a significantly reduced mortality (28% vs. 90%; P < .001). The outgrowth of C. albicans from the kidneys, spleens, and livers of rG-CSF-treated mice was significantly reduced (log cfu/g...

Micafungin (FK463) is an echinocandin that demonstrates potent in vitro antifungal activities against Candida and Aspergillus species. However, little is known about its comparative antifungal activities in persistently neutropenic hosts. We therefore investigated the plasma micafungin pharmacokinetics and antifungal activities of micafungin against experimental disseminated candidiasis and inv...

A 48-year-old man with acute myeloid leukaemia developed neutropenic fever five days after induction chemotherapy, and was treated with intravenous imipenem. The fever quickly subsided but the patient developed generalised erythematous maculopapular itchy skin rashes. Drug allergy was suspected and the imipenem was substituted with intravenous cefepime. Microbiological investigations were negat...

In human patients, disseminated candidiasis, a life-threatening disease for immunocompromised patients, is often associated with intestinal lesions. In this study, we demonstrate that immunosuppressed gnotobiotic (IGB) piglets orally inoculated with wild-type Candida albicans developed extensive intestinal lesions and disseminated infection. Severe ulceration of the ileal mucosa was observed ov...

Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic receptors that initiate immune responses to sterile and infectious insults to the host. Studies demonstrated that Nlrp3 is critical for the control of Candida albicans infections and in the generation of antifungal Th17 responses. In this article, we show that the NLR family member Nlrp10 also plays a unique...

OBJECTIVES Caspofungin has demonstrated efficacy in invasive candidiasis. However, in a comparative study, most patients (>83%) had candidaemia. Therefore, we performed a study in patients with non-fungaemic invasive candidiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adults with proven non-fungaemic invasive candidiasis or probable chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) received caspofungin primary or salvage...

The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of T-2307, a novel arylamidine, were evaluated and compared with those of fluconazole, voriconazole, micafungin, and amphotericin B. T-2307 exhibited broad-spectrum activity against clinically significant pathogens, including Candida species (MIC range, 0.00025 to 0.0078 g/ml), Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC range, 0.0039 to 0.0625 g/ml), and Aspergi...