This paper presents the development of a capacitor ESR meter, which covers capacitance and measurements as well interrelationship constituent parts/circuits. The idea is to keep hardware design simple, transferring complexity firmware controls hardware. In particular, it uses automatic functions controlled by relays thus there no need for switches its calibration ensures menus. work voltmeter f...

Electricity causes a variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction, and electric current. The presence electricity can also generate receive radiation radio waves. Electric current flowing from the voltage source through wires to light switch. Wires that carry be made electrically conductive materials. Examples electrical wire materials include ...

introdouction: the purpose of the present study was to determine the possible relationship between gonial angle size and three mandibular morphometric parameters, namely, panoramic mandibular index (pmi), mandibular cortical width (mcw), and antegonial notch depth (ad), in digital panoramic radiographs. materials and methods: pmi, mcw, and ad were calculated in digital panoramic radiographs of ...

objective: after introduction of digital radiography into dentistry several methods of image acquisition were accessible in the field of dentistry. in many instances it is necessary to digitize analog images. there is no overall acceptable method for image digitization so all different types of images can be comparable. the objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of diffe...

background digital nerve block is commonly performed by care providers in medical fields. this study compares the blocks in terms of effectiveness of anesthesia and pain. methods patients were divided into two groups. first group underwent digital block whereas 2nd group had transmetacarpal digital block. the subcutaneous ring block was performed by two injections of 3 ml of 2% lignocaine in a ...

background and aims. early diagnosis of external root resorption is important for accurate treatment. the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a charge-coupled device (ccd) sensor and a photostimulable phosphor (psp) plate receptor in the diagnosis of artificial external root resorption. materials and methods. in this diagnostic in-vitro study, 40 maxillary incisors were mounted...

objectives: this study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of conventional and digital radiography for detection of cavitated and non-cavitated proximal caries. materials and methods: fifty extracted human premolars and molars were mounted in a silicone block. charge-coupled device (ccd) and photostimulable phosphor plate (psp) receptors and intra-oral films were exposed with 60 and 70 kvp wit...

background radiography plays an important role in the detection of interproximal caries. objectives the aim of the present study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of chargecoupled devices (ccd), photo stimulable phosphor (psp) and film radiography in detecting non-cavitated caries. patients and methods seventy-two non-cavitated approximal surfaces of extracted human posterior teeth were radi...

color and appearance are among the first parameters perceived by consumers to judge the quality of foods. l*a*b* are used to report foods’ colors quantitatively. in this study the use of digital imaging and photoshop software was evaluated for measurement of l*, a* and b* color parameters. the results showed that l*, a*, and b* values from hunter colorimeter and the digital imaging method had a...