In Descriptive Complexity, there is a vast amount of literature on decision problems, and their classes such as P, NP, L and NL. However, research on the descriptive complexity of optimisation problems has been limited. Optimisation problems corresponding to the NP class have been characterised in terms of logic expressions by Papadimitriou and Yannakakis, Panconesi and Ranjan, Kolaitis and Tha...

Wavelet image decompositions generate a tree-structured set of coeecients, providing an hierarchical data-structure for representing images. While early wavelet-based algorithms for image compression concentrated on optimal quantization of wavelet coee-cients, several recent researchers have proposed approaches which couple coeecient quantization (either scalar or vector-based) with various str...

In recent years, energy efficiency gains more and more attention in real-time embedded system for the incerasing application of embedded system. Many methods have been developed by means of the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) which use the slack time to adjust supplied voltage so as to decrease the energy expense. Unfortunately, how to optimally adjust supplied voltage is a NP-complete problem. T...

It is widely accepted that epilepsies are complex syndromes due to their multi-factorial origins and manifestations. Different mathematical and computational descriptions use appropriate methods to address nonlinear relationships, chaotic behaviors and emergent properties. These theoretical approaches can be divided into two major categories: descriptive, such as flowcharts, graphs and other st...

The present global situation is so alarming that the conventional energy resources are decaying day by day. This adverse encourages us to introduce unconventional and sustainable like biodiesel. main source of biodiesel non-edible vegetable oil (Jatropha curcas oil) it produced chemical catalytic method. But recently supercritical method has also been proposed as an alternative cost-effective f...

Kinematic position analysis is the first step in creating a complete mathematical model of the new manipulator architecture. This analysis will begin by developing a general descriptive model that characterizes the kinematic geometry of the device. From this geometric model, a mathematical function relating the input-to-output position parameters will be formed. The goal of this function is to ...

CONTEXT Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer. DESIGN Descriptive normative data study. SETTING Field research. SUBJECTS 172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity. METHODS A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, ...