Aerators are applied to provide air entrainment and cavitation erosion protections for high-speed flows. By traditional chute aerators in high-head bottom tunnels, it is difficult maintain effective aeration protection low-Froude-number small-slope conditions. The present study explores a wedge aerator design at the outlet, detailed experimental data on cavity entrained diffusion were obtained ...

6. Thrust power (= drag power) calculated using Lighthill's small amplitude bulk momentum model was two to three times the theoretical minimum of a flat plate of equivalent length and area moving parallel to the flow with a presumed turbulent boundary layer. 7. Froude efficiency increased with swimming speed, and it is shown that this is the usual relationship for fish studied so far. Froude ef...

The characteristics of submerged flow below vertical gate with sill upstream of horizontal diverging channel reach are analyzed based on experimental investigation. The experimental program is conducted in a laboratory flume with 10 cm wide, 31 cm deep and 3.0 m long. A diverging channel reach with fixed length and constant divergence angle is used. Polygonal sills with constant height, constan...

Roll waves are known to occur in the frictional flow of a thin layer of water down an inclined solid surface. For a layer of constant depth, the formation of these waves on a solid plane with small slope angle have been explained as a hydrodynamic instability occurring above a critical Froude number by analyzing the temporal stability of the constant velocity flow. Here we analyze the linear, s...

Abstract Mars atmospheric global circulation models exhibit transonic jet streaks during northern winter, which motivates this study of the Mach number, Ma (the ratio flow speed to sound), and Froude Fr buoyancy waves), as a function season location. Two reanalyses spanning Years (MY) 24 32 are used input, EMARS OpenMARS. The study’s vertical coordinate is potential temperature, θ , ranging fro...

This work presents a summary of data on debris-flow monitoring stations focusing the surge scale rather than full-scale event (several fronts and surges with intermediate diluted flows). Surge-scale are not easily accessible for modellers but would be very beneficial community. A processing protocol is offered, its application to station R?al Torrent described (drainage area: 2 km , SE France)....

A mathematically defined Wigley hull form is used to investigate the application of a commercial CFD code in prediction of the total resistance and its components from tangential and normal forces on the hull wetted surface. The computed resistance and wave profiles alongside the hull were compared with experimental observations for six different Froude numbers to validate the simulations. The ...

An experimental investigation on effect of end sill on the performance of stilling basin models for a non circular pipe outlet has been presented in this research paper. New physical models for non circular pipe outlet stilling basin have been developed in the laboratory. These newly models were tested in the laboratory for three Froude numbers namely Fr = 1.85, 2.85 and 3.85. The new models ar...

We studied nine adult horses spanning an eightfold range in body mass (M(b)) (90-720 kg) and a twofold range in leg length (L) (0.7-1.4 m). We measured the horses' walk-trot transition speeds using step-wise speed increments as they locomoted on a motorized treadmill. We then measured their rates of oxygen consumption over a wide range of walking and trotting speeds. We interpreted the transiti...