the concept of land use transition highlights that land use change is non-linear and is associated with other societal and biophysical system changes. changes in human systems has resulted in changes in the natural system such as changes in land use. land use change causes not only environmental factors like geography and topography are important, but social factors examined such as population ...

1. We examined 223 time-series of red grouse ( Lagopus lagopus scoticus ) numbers compiled from shooting bag-records from grouse moors located across England, Scotland and Wales for evidence of non-time-reversibility, asymmetry in cycle shape and non-linearity. 2. We found 44% of time-series to be non-time-reversible. Over 80% of time-series spent more time increasing than decreasing (but only ...

This paper investigates a supply chain consisting of single risk-neutral supplier and risk-averse retailer with the call option contract service requirement, where retailer’s objective is to maximize Conditional Value-at-Risk about profit. The optimal ordering quantity production are derived in presence requirement. Furthermore, by investigating effect level risk aversion on chain, it found tha...

We show that the semantic cutting planes proof system has feasible interpolation via monotone real circuits. This gives an exponential lower bound on proof length in the system, answering a question from [5]. We also pose the following problem: can every multivariate non-decreasing function be expressed as a composition of non-decreasing functions in two variables?