The apple maggot fl y, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh 1867) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an economically important pest of apples (Malus domesica Borkh.) (Rosaceae) throughout much of the United States. The fl y is endemic to the eastern U.S., where its primary host plants are several species of native hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) (Rosaceae). About 150 years ago the fl y shifted to apples in the North...

Ecological differences including habitat, pollinators, and temporal separation between species and populations are important isolation barriers that can impede gene flows among evolving lineages, and subsequently lead to population divergence or speciation (Coyne and Orr, 2004). Temporal or allochronic speciation occurs when members of co-existing species or populations differ in breeding perio...

The timing of dormancy is a rapidly evolving life-history trait playing a crucial role in the synchronization of seasonal life cycles and adaptation to environmental change. But the physiological mechanisms regulating dormancy in animals remain poorly understood. In insects, dormancy (diapause) is a developmentally dynamic state, and the mechanisms that control diapause transitions affect seaso...

The genetic structure of adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), populations was characterized both inside a managed apple, Malus domestica Borkdhausen, orchard and in surrounding unmanaged hosts and nonhost trees in central Chile during 2006-2007. Adult males were collected using an array of sex pheromone-baited traps. Five microsatellite genetic markers were used to study the population gen...

Speciation with gene flow is expected to generate a heterogeneous pattern of genomic differentiation. The few genes under or physically linked to loci experiencing strong disruptive selection can diverge, whereas gene flow will homogenize the remainder of the genome, resulting in isolated "genomic islands of speciation." We conducted an experimental test of this hypothesis in Rhagoletis pomonel...

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a serious pest of pome fruit, is a threat to exportation of apples (Malus spp.) because of the possibility of shipping infested fruit. The need for alternatives to fumigants such as methyl bromide for quarantine security of exported fruit has encouraged the development of effective fumigants with reduced side effects. The endophytic...

Literature is reviewed on the spatial distribution of the eggs and neonate larvae of codling moth on apple trees in relation to research conducted in Nelson, New Zealand. At Nelson, oviposition increased with height and was greater in the north and east of the trees and in those with greater fruit load in some seasons, which matches published reports. All publications and the research recorded ...

We report the isolation and development of 81 novel primers for amplifying microsatellite loci in the Rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex, and the sequencing, characterization and analysis of basic population genetic parameters for nine of these genes. We also report the successful cross-species amplification of several of these loci. The R. pomonella sibling species complex is a textb...

Baited pesticide-treated biodegradable spheres were evaluated for their efÞcacy to control and monitor apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and blueberry maggot, R. mendax Curran, ßies. A Plexiglas pane treated with sprayable Tangle-Trap was found to be an effective technique for assessing the fate of Rhagoletis ßies encountering treated spheres. SigniÞcantly more R. pomonella and R. men...

Dissipations of three insecticides: chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb in apples were studied following their foliar application on apples intended for production of baby food. The apples were sprayed with formulations for control of codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) and leafrollers (Tortricidae). Six experiments were conducted; each insecticide was applied individually on ...