Speciation, the process that has produced an elaborate and seemingly endless diversity of species, is one of the most fundamental subjects of study in evolutionary biology. It is also one of the most vexing, in part because speciation occurs on an evolutionary time scale, thus presenting a multitude of temporal perspectives from which to witness the process. The “speciation continuum” can be de...

the main purpose of this research is to investigate computationally the tautomeric reaction pathway of 5-methyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazole from the thermodynamical and mechanistical viewpoints. in this respect, density functional theory (dft) in conjunction with the quantum theory of atoms in molecule (qtaim) has been employed to model the energetic and electronic features of tautomeric mechan...

Keeping the eigenfrequencies of a structure away from the external excitation frequencies is one of the main goals in the design of vibrating structures in order to avoid risk of resonance. This paper is devoted to the topological design of freely vibrating continuum structures with the aim of maximizing the fundamental eigenfrequency. Since in the process of topology optimization some areas of...

In the present study, small scale effect on critical buckling loads of triangular nano- composite plates under uniform in-plane compression is studied. Since at nano-scale the structure of the plate is discrete, the size dependent nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to develop an equivalent continuum plate model for this nanostructure incorporating the changes in its mechanical behavior. The...

  In the current work, the seismic analysis of bent region in buried pipes is performed, and effects of soil properties and modeling methods on pipe’s response are investigated. To do this task Beam, Beam-Shell Finite Element modeling and a Continuum shell FE models of a 90 degrees elbow are employed. In the Beam model, the pipe is simulated by beam elements while combined shell-beam elements a...

Topology optimization has been an interesting area of research in recent years.  The main focus of this paper is to use an evolutionary swarm intelligence algorithm to perform Isogeometric Topology optimization of continuum structures.  A two-dimensional plate is analyzed statically and the nodal displacements are calculated.  The nodal displacements using Isogeometric analysis are found to be ...

In this paper, we discuss new formulations of both redundancy analysis (RA) and partial least squares regression (PLS) which clearly show the connection between these two methods. These new formulations also show that RA and PLS regression are the two end points of a continuum approach that we propose to investigate. Moreover, it enjoys very interesting properties which highlight the rational o...

We present a unified approach for both continuum and near-continuum flows based on the Boltzmann equation and kinetic theory. We use the gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) developed from the linearized Boltzmann equation for the continuum flows and a modified GKS with a variable relaxation time for the near-continuum flows. The gas-kinetic schemes are validated with simulations of the hypersonic flow pas...

A gas-kinetic model with multiple translational temperature for the continuum and near continuum flow simulations is proposed. The main purpose for this work is to derive the generalized Navier-Stokes equations with multiple temperature. It is well recognized that for increasingly rarefied flowfields, the predictions from continuum formulation, such as the Navier-Stokes equations lose accuracy....