introduction:with increasing threats of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) in future war especially biological threats against our country necessity of using novel technologies in crisis management against new warfare’s is very important. passive defense as a peaceful and preventive strategy without any warfare is able to not only monitor the prospect of new warfare specially biological warfare ...

our food security, forests, water, land rights, farmers and indigenous peoples from the aggressive march of agrofuel developments, which are devouring our land and resources at an unbelievable scale and speed. " The petition describes the negative impact of agrofuel programs in several African states. In Tanzania, thousands of farmers have been evicted from their land to make way for large scal...

crops for biofuel are becoming increasingly apparent. Richard Pike, chief executive of the Royal Society of Chemistry in London recently estimated that it would require the entire production of biofuel crops from 20 hectares to replace the kerosene for just one transatlantic flight from London to New York. Just a few kilometres from Heathrow is Windsor Great Park, a 2,000 hectare former Norman ...

Non-indigenous plants exhibit different attributes that make them aggressive competitors with indigenous plants and serious threats to biodiversity.Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed, Asteraceae), a native from southern Africa, is a strong competitor in agricultural activities and has toxic alkaloids that may result in high cattle mortality. In Brazil, this weed was collected for the first time...

For many years bacteria were considered primarily as autonomous unicellular organisms with little capacity for collective behaviour. However, we now appreciate that bacterial cells are in fact, highly communicative. The generic term 'quorum sensing' has been adopted to describe the bacterial cell-to-cell communication mechanisms which co-ordinate gene expression usually, but not always, when th...

Research on intrasexual competition for mates focused on the strategies of self-promotion and competitor derogation. Although these strategies describe many competitive behaviors, it was predicted that they do not describe all possible strategies. In Study 1, a qualitative investigation, participants reported how they compete with same-sex rivals for mates. This led to the discovery of the stra...