Formation of large ('100μm) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause E. J. Jensen, L. Pfister, T. V. Bui, P. Lawson, B. Baker, Q. Mo, D. Baumgardner, E. M. Weinstock, J. B. Smith, E. J. Moyer, T. F. Hanisco, D. S. Sayres, J. M. St. Clair, M. J. Alexander, O. B. Toon, and J. A. Smith NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera...

A sensitive and specific HPLC method with internal standard was developed and validated to determine vitexin-2”-O-rhamnoside (VOR) in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration. VOR presented a very low bioavailability, the P-glycoprotein inhibitors such as verapamil and ketoconazole and absorption promoting agent, i.e. bile salts were therefore respectively applied to investigate the...

To determine the fate of polymeric micelles after oral administration, we investigated the possible transport of polymeric micelles across Caco-2 monolayers and their biodistribution in rats after per os administration of [14C]-labelled mmePEG750P(CL-co-TMC) micelles containing risperidone (BCS Class II drug). mmePEG750P(CL-co-TMC) was able to cross Caco-2 monolayer via a saturable transport me...

1Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A. 2U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A. 3Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, ...

Rat striata were exposed to 15 mM quinolinic acid (QUIN), or QUIN plus the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline dihydrochloride (L-MIN) or 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) for 21 days. Co-administration of 100 microM or 1 mM L-MIN with QUIN significantly reduced lesion volume compared to QUIN alone. Co-administration of 1 microM or 10 microM L-MIN with QUIN had no ...

fatigue is recognized as one of the most disabling and frequent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (ms). amantadine appears to have some proven ability to alleviate the fatigue in ms. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of co-administration of amantadine and aspirin for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. forty-five ambulatory patients aged 20–50 years with a diagnosis of m...

objective(s) erythropoietin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in a variety of cns injury models. elevation of serum s100β, as a glial damage marker and myelin basic protein (mbp) has been reported to occur in acute carbon monoxide (co) poisoning. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erythropoietin (epo) on serum s100β and mbp levels after co poisoning in rats. mater...

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug extensively metabolized in animal species. Its clinicalresponse is mainly due to the M1 metabolite, poorly produced in dogs. Grapefruit-juice can inhibit themetabolism of different drugs in animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thepharmacokinetics of tramadol and its major metabolites after co-administration of tramadol an...

Combined use of an opioid with a psychostimulant is popular among drug abusers. Such “polydrug use” may increase drug effects or attenuate adverse effects of either drug alone. We proposed that a combination of methamphetamine (meth) and morphine may change physical opioid withdrawal symptoms. Adult male rats were chronically injected with cumulative subcutaneous (s.c.) doses of morphine, meth ...

Administration of nickel carbonyl to rats inhibited RNA synthesis by a chromatin-RNA polymerase complex prepared from lysed hepatic nuclei. Rats were killed 6 hr after i.v. administration of Ni(CO)4 in LDSO dosage (2.2 mg Ni/100 g body weight). The rate of RNA synthesis by the chromatinRNA polymerase complex from Ni(CO)4-treated rats averaged 0.16 (S.E. = ±0.02, N = 18) ¿/mole cytidine tripho...