AIMS To obtain an overview of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in faeces of US dairy cows in 2002. METHODS AND RESULTS Faeces from 1435 cows, representing 96 dairy operations in 21 US states, were collected for the culture of Campylobacter. A total of 735 Campylobacter strains were isolated (51.2% positive samples) with 94 operations positive (97.9%) for Campylobac...

OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RGT) on the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute or complicated urinary tract infections in adults. Primary outcomes were bacteriological eradication, clinical cure, bacterial resistance, and adverse event rates. RESULTS Initially, 111 RGTs were identified. We excluded 81 st...

Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of several infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, like E. coli. Changes in gyrA, encoding GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, cause the resistance to ciprofloxacin. Some ciprofloxacin resistant gyrA mutants acquired constitutive expression of marRAB operon due to the gaining mutations in marR, a repressor of this operon. T...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential relationship between quinolone resistance and biofilm production in a collection of Salmonella enterica clinical isolates and in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium serial mutants with increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin. METHODS Nalidixic acid susceptibility and biofilm formation were assessed in a collection of 122 S. enterica clinical isolates. An in ...

OBJECTIVE To study antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria isolated from food animals in different countries using uniform methodology. METHODS Samples were taken at slaughter from chickens, pigs and cattle in four EU countries per host. Escherichia coli (indicator organism; n = 2118), Salmonella spp. (n = 271) and Campylobacter spp. (n = 1325) were isolated in national laboratories and...

Enterococci have emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens. Enterococci with resistance to commonly used antibiotics are appearing more frequently. We encountered at our institution several infections caused by Enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin. The optimal antibiotic therapy for serious infections with unusually resistant enterococci ha...

We determined that resistance to ciprofloxacin has emerged in enterococci over the last 5 years in our hospital, mainly in strains demonstrating the phenotype of high-level gentamicin resistance. All high-level-gentamicin-resistant isolates from 1985 and 1986 were susceptible, whereas 24% of isolates from 1989 and 1990 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Plasmid and genomic DNA typing showed at le...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella species isolated in Bangladesh and to compare with similar strains isolated in China. METHODS A total of 3789 Shigella isolates collected from Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of icddr,b, during 2004-2010 were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility. Analysis of plasmids, plasmid-mediated quinolone...

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolates, that are also resistant to other classes of antibiotics, is a significant challenge to antibiotic treatment and infection control policies. In Central Greece a significant increase of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli has occurred during 2011, indicating the need for further analysis. METHODS A total of 106 ciprofloxacin-resistant ...

Screening of the PA14 genomic transposon mutant library for resistance to ceftazidime, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin led to the discovery of several mutants that appeared in more than one screen. Testing of the frequency of mutation to ciprofloxacin resistance revealed previously known mutator genes, including mutS and mutL, as well as mutators that have not yet been described for P. aeruginosa...