The ability of phosphacyclohexadienyl anions [Li(1-R-PC5Ph3H2)] [R=Me (1 a), nBu b), tBu c), Ph d) and CH2SiMe3 e)] to initiate hydrofunctionalisation reactions was investigated compared with simple, commercially available compounds, such as LiOtBu, KOtBu nBuLi. All compounds are expedient catalysts for the hydroboration a wide scope substrates, ranging from aldehydes imines esters. In carbon d...

The reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones using Ph(2)SiH(2) or PhSiH(3) has been effectively promoted by the direct use of Bu(2)SnClH-pyridine N-oxide as a catalyst; this method has advantages in terms of its mild conditions and wide application to various carbonyls and amines, including aliphatic examples.

Selectfluor [1-(chloro methyl) -4-flouro -1,4-di azonia bicyclo[2,2,2] octane bis (tetraflouro-borate)] catalyzed the preparation of quinoxaline and 2,3-dihydo pyrazine derivatives through one -pot condensation of 1,2-di amines with 1,2-di carbonyls in solvent and under solvent- free conditions. This catalyst is commercially available, inexpensive, reusable, stable to air and moisture, and rela...

Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of circulating markers of lipid and protein oxidation following an incremental test to exhaustion before and after 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training performed in the heat. Methods. To address this question, 16 physically active men (age = 23 ± 2 years; body mass = 73 ± 12 kg; height = 173 ± 6 cm; % body fat = 12.5 ± 6 %; bod...

Traumatic injury to the spinal cord triggers several secondary effects, including oxidative stress and compromised energy metabolism, which play a major role in biochemical and pathological changes in spinal cord tissue. Free radical generation and lipid peroxidation have been shown to be early events subsequent to spinal cord injury. In the present study, we demonstrated that protein oxidation...

BACKGROUND Cadmium is a potent neurotoxic heavy metal, which induces oxidative stress and membrane disturbances in brain. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of melatonin in protecting the Cd induced changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), levels of l...